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Fungal involvement in bioweathering and biotransformation of rocks and minerals

Burford, E. P., Fomina, M., Gadd, G. M.·2003·Mineralogical Magazine

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Abstract

Abstract In the Earth’s lithosphere, fungi are of fundamental importance as decomposer organisms, animal and plant pathogens and symbionts (e.g. lichens and mycorrhizas), being ubiquitous in sub-aerial and subsoil environments. The ability of fungi to interact with minerals, metals, metalloids and organic compounds through biomechanical and biochemical processes, makes them ideally suited as biological weathering agents of rock and building stone. They also play a fundamental role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, (e.g. C, N, P and S) and metals (e.g. Na, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Ni) essential for the growth of living organisms in the biosphere. In addition they play an integral role in the mobilization and immobilization of non-essential metals (e.g. Cs, Al, Cd, Hg and Pb). Most studies on mineral-microbe interactions and microbial involvement in geological processes have concentrated on bacteria and archaea (Prokaryota): fungi (Eukaryota) have, to a certain extent, been neglected. This article addresses the role of fungi in geomicrobiological processes, emphasizing their deteriorative potential on rock, building stone and mineral surfaces and involvement in the formation of secondary mycogenic minerals. Such roles of fungi are also of importance for the global carbon reservoir and have potential biotechnological applications, e.g. in the bioremediation of xenobiotic-, metal- and/or radionuclide-contaminated soils and wastes, and metal/radionuclide recovery.

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Cai, L., Xiao, H., Huang, S., Li, H., & Zhou, G. (2013) · Geomicrobiology Journal · doi:10.1080/01490451.2012.688924 · Cited by 32
“These solubilization processes are important in terrestrial environment for the release of metal elements (e.g., Na, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Ni) and some associated anionic nutrients (e.g., C, N, P and S) into biogeochemical cycles (Burford et al. 2003).”
Background
Genetic transformation of Knufia petricola A95 - a model organism for biofilm-material interactions
Noack-Schönmann, S., Buś, T., Banasiak, R., Knabe, N., Broughton, W. J., den Dulk-Ras, H., Hooykaas, P. J. J., & Gorbushina, A. A. (2014) · AMB Express · doi:10.1186/s13568-014-0080-5 · Cited by 31
4 Fungal Molecular Response to Heavy Metal Stress
Gube, M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27790-5_4 · Cited by 32
Influence of Fungus on Properties of Concrete Made with Waste Foundry Sand
Kaur, G., Siddique, R., & Rajor, A. (2012) · Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000521 · Cited by 30
Biologic Origin of Iron Nodules in a Marine Terrace Chronosequence, Santa Cruz, California
Schulz, M. S., Vivit, D. V., Schulz, C. E., Fitzpatrick, J., & White, A. F. (2010) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2009.0144 · Cited by 30
Biogenic Weathering: Solubilization of Iron from Minerals by Epilithic Freshwater Algae and Cyanobacteria
Mustoe, G. (2018) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms6010008 · Cited by 29
Speleomycological research in underground Osówka complex in Sowie Mountains (Lower Silesia, Poland)
Pusz, W., Ogórek, R., Uklanska-Pusz, C. M., & Zagożdżon, P. P. (2013) · International Journal of Speleology · doi:10.5038/1827-806x.43.1.3 · Cited by 29
Metal Accumulation without Enhanced Oxalate Secretion in Wood Degraded by Brown Rot Fungi
Schilling, J. S., & Jellison, J. (2006) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00281-06 · Cited by 28
“Secreted oxalate may promote brown rot by weathering soil minerals (2), mobilizing Fe(3) (3, 11), and detoxifying metals (21).”
Background
Sub-aerial biofilms as blockers of solar radiation: spectral properties as tools to characterise material-relevant microbial growth
Noack-Schönmann, S., Spagin, O., Gründer, K.-P., Breithaupt, M., Günter, A., Muschik, B., & Gorbushina, A. A. (2013) · International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation · doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.09.020 · Cited by 28
A systematic review of sustainable gold extraction from raw ores using alternative leaching reagents
Sousa, R., Regufe, M. J., Fiúza, A., Leite, M. M., & Futuro, A. (2021) · The Extractive Industries and Society · doi:10.1016/j.exis.2021.101018 · Cited by 27
Interaction of U(VI) with Schizophyllum commune studied by microscopic and spectroscopic methods
Günther, A., Raff, J., Merroun, M. L., Roßberg, A., Kothe, E., & Bernhard, G. (2014) · BioMetals · doi:10.1007/s10534-014-9772-1 · Cited by 27
“The ability of several fungi to release metals from minerals and other metal compounds and to take them up into the cell and to form secondary minerals like phosphates e.g. (e.g. Burford et al. 2003; Fomina et al. 2005, 2007a, b; Gadd 2007) is well known.”
Fungal Iron Biomineralization in Río Tinto
Oggerin, M., Tornos, F., Rodríguez, N., Pascual, L., & Amils, R. (2016) · Minerals · doi:10.3390/min6020037 · Cited by 27
“All major microbial groups are capable of immobilizing metal ions and carrying out mineralization processes through organic and inorganic precipitation of secondary associated minerals as well as depositing crystalline material on and within cell walls [31,34,35].”
Background
6.36 Solutional Weathering and Karstic Landscapes on Quartz Sandstones and Quartzite
Wray, R. A. L. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00140-8 · Cited by 26
Understanding Microbially Active Biogeochemical Environments
Gleeson, D. B., McDermott, F. P., & Clipson, N. (2007) · Advances in applied microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2164(07)62004-8 · Cited by 26
Microbes on carbonate rocks and pedogenesis in karst regions
Lian, B., Chen, Y., & Tang, Y. (2010) · Journal of Earth Science · doi:10.1007/s12583-010-0240-8 · Cited by 26
Tolerance of Chemoorganotrophic Bioleaching Microorganisms to Heavy Metal and Alkaline Stresses
Monballiu, A., Cardon, N., Nguyen, M. T., Cornelly, C., Meesschaert, B. D., & Chiang, Y. W. (2015) · Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications · doi:10.1155/2015/861874 · Cited by 23
“These microorganisms are associated with silica-richminerals in nature, compounds commonly found in alkaline industrial residues, but in their natural environment they are not exposed to, and thus do not become adapted to, high levels of mobile heavy metals and metalloids [24, 25].”
Background
Chemoorganotrophic Bioleaching of Olivine for Nickel Recovery
Chiang, Y. W., Santos, R. M., Audenaerde, A. V., Monballiu, A., Gerven, T. V., & Meesschaert, B. D. (2014) · Minerals · doi:10.3390/min4020553 · Cited by 25
“preferentially chelated by the biogenic substances, and or (ii) some elements, for example magnesium, may re-precipitate in the form of inorganic or organic compounds such as (hydr)oxides, carbonates and oxalates [3].”
Influential
Accelerated weathering of cementitious matrix for the development of an accelerated laboratory test of biodeterioration
Wiktor, V., Grosseau, P., Guyonnet, R., Garcia-Diaz, É., & Lors, C. (2010) · Materials and Structures · doi:10.1617/s11527-010-9653-1 · Cited by 25
“The development of cracks, fissures and weathering rinds in rocks accelerates biological weathering by providing a niche that can easily be exploited by opportunistic micro-organisms [5].”
Background
Role of Fungal Mycelium in the Formation of Carbonate Concretions in Growing Media—An Investigation by SEM and Synchrotron-Based X-Ray Tomographic Microscopy
Masaphy, S., Zabari, L., Pastrana, J., & Dultz, S. (2009) · Geomicrobiology Journal · doi:10.1080/01490450903060798 · Cited by 25
“…induced by fungal activity, although fungi are found in lime and calcareous soil (Burford et al. 2003a, 2006), and fungal filaments that mineralized with calcite together with whewellite have been reported in limestone and calcareous soils (Burford et al. 2003b; Kahle 1977; Verrecchia 2000).”
Background
Toxic Metals and Fungal Communities
Fomina, M., Burford, E. P., & Gadd, G. M. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420027891-46 · Cited by 25
Mycorrhizal Studies in Temperate Rainforests of Southern Chile
Godoy, R., & Marín, C. (2019) · Fungal biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15228-4_16 · Cited by 24
Microscopic and biomolecular complementary approaches to characterize bioweathering processes at petroglyph sites from the Negev Desert, Israel
Nir, I., Barak, H., Kramarsky‐Winter, E., Kushmaro, A., & Rı́os, A. D. L. (2021) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/1462-2920.15635 · Cited by 24
“Indeed it has been previously reported that biodegradation of calcareous rocks is enhanced by microbial colonization (Ban ﬁ eld et al ., 1999; Ster ﬂ inger, 2000; Burford et al ., 2003; De los Ríos et al ., 2004; De los Ríos et al ., 2009).”
Background
Microbial Community Diversity of Moonmilk Deposits at Ballynamintra Cave, Co. Waterford, Ireland
Rooney, D. C., Hutchens, E., Clipson, N., Baldini, J. U. L., & McDermott, F. P. (2010) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-010-9693-7 · Cited by 24
“Fungi play major roles in the transformation of organic and inorganic substrates [17] and also participate in mineral dissolution and secondary mineral formation [ 8 ].”
Background
Biological Weathering in the Terrestrial System
Zaharescu, D. G., Burghelea, C. I., Dontsova, K. M., Reinhard, C. T., Chorover, J., & Lybrand, R. A. (2020) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1002/9781119413332.ch1 · Cited by 26
Mechanisms of olivine dissolution by rock-inhabiting fungi explored using magnesium stable isotopes
Pokharel, R., Gerrits, R., Schuessler, J. A., & von Blanckenburg, F. (2019) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.07.001 · Cited by 23
Molecular Characterization of Fungal Communities in Sandstone
Gleeson, D. B., Melville, K., McDermott, F. P., CLIPSON, N. J. W., & Gadd, G. M. (2010) · Geomicrobiology Journal · doi:10.1080/01490451003702982 · Cited by 23
“Fungal involvement in bioweathering of rocks and minerals is well documented (Sterflinger 2000; Burford et al. 2003; Adeyemi and Gadd 2005; Fomina et al. 2005; Fomina et al. 2007; Gadd 2007, 2010; Gorbushina et al. 2008) although the majority of research focuses on fungal communities found in…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Siderophores of Symbiotic Fungi
Haselwandter, K., & Winkelmann, G. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-71160-5_4 · Cited by 24
“The ability of fungi to interact with a great variety of different substrates including minerals, metals and organic compounds in biophysical and biochemical processes makes them ideally suited as biological weathering agents of rock and minerals ( Burford et al. 2003 ).”
Background
Major element residence times in humus from a beech forest: The role of element forms and recycling
Dincher, M., Calvaruso, C., & Turpault, M. (2019) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107674 · Cited by 22
Lichens Bite the Dust – A Bioweathering Scenario in the Atacama Desert
Jung, P., Baumann, K., Emrich, D., Springer, A., Felde, V. J. M. N. L., Dultz, S., Baum, C., Frank, M., Büdel, B., & Leinweber, P. (2020) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101647 · Cited by 22
Investigating the role of microbes in mineral weathering: Nanometre-scale characterisation of the cell–mineral interface using FIB and TEM
Ward, M., Kapitulčinová, D., Brown, A., Heard, P. J., Cherns, D., Cockell, C. S., Hallam, K., & Ragnarsdottir, K. V. (2013) · Micron · doi:10.1016/j.micron.2012.12.006 · Cited by 22
Microclimate Effects on Number and Distribution of Fungi in the Włodarz Underground Complex in the Owl Mountains (Góry Sowie), Poland
Ogórek, R., Pusz, W., Lejman, A., & Uklanska-Pusz, C. M. (2014) · Journal of Cave and Karst Studies · doi:10.4311/2013mb0123 · Cited by 22
“According to other authors, the most abundant fungal taxa isolated from rocks, especially from granite, were from the family Mucorales, and the genera Penicillium, Phoma, Auerobasidium, and Trichoderma (Hirsch et al., 1995; Burford et al., 2003 a,b; Brunner et al., 2011).”
Background
Does the preferential microbial colonisation of ferromagnesian minerals affect mineral weathering in soil?
Wilson, M. J., Certini, G., Campbell, C. D., Anderson, I. C., & Hillier, S. (2008) · Die Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0394-8 · Cited by 22
“Fungi appear to be a particularly efficient group in promoting “bioweathering” of primary minerals and the biosynthesis of new minerals (Burford et al. 2003; Gadd 2007).”
BackgroundInfluential
Advancements in improving gold recovery from refractory gold ores/concentrates: a review
Barbouchi, A., Louarrat, M., Mikali, M., Barfoud, L., Alaoui-Chrifi, M. A. E., Faqir, H., Benzakour, I., Idouhli, R., Khadiri, M.-E., & Benzakour, J. (2024) · Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly · doi:10.1080/00084433.2024.2441548 · Cited by 21
“This treatment aims to oxidise the mineral sulphide by acid-ophilic bacteria and to deactivate the carboneous matter (Figure 3), promoting the liberation of gold [48 – 58].”
Bio-oxidation of Gold from Refractory Sulfide Ores: A Journey Ahead
Darvanjooghi, M. H. K., Magdouli, S., Brar, S. K., Abdollahi, H., & Zolfaghari, M. (2021) · Geomicrobiology Journal · doi:10.1080/01490451.2021.1977431 · Cited by 21
“Furthermore, these microorganisms may produce ferric iron-complexing agents that directly increase the promote rock weathering (Brehm et al. 2005; Burford et al. 2003).”
Background
Routes of phlogopite weathering by three fungal strains
Pinzari, F., Cuadros, J., Napoli, R., Canfora, L., & Bardají, D. B. (2016) · Fungal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2016.08.007 · Cited by 21
“…(Boyle & Voigt, 73 1973; Leyval & Berthelin, 1991; Paris et al., 1995, 1996; Jongmans et al., 1997; Wallander & 74 Wickman, 1999; Crawford et al., 2000; Blum et al., 2002; Burford et al., 2003a; Yuan et al., 75 2004; Rosling et al., 2004a; Balogh-Brunstad et al., 2008a, 2008b; Arocena et al. 2012).”
Background
Isolation and characterisation of a rock solubilising fungus for application in mine-spoil reclamation
Wu, Y., Zhang, J., Guo, X., Wang, Y., & Wang, Q. (2017) · European Journal of Soil Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejsobi.2017.06.011 · Cited by 21
Humusica 2, article 13: Para humus systems and forms
Zanella, A., Ponge, J., Fritz, I., Pietrasiak, N., Matteodo, M., Nadporozhskaya, M., Juilleret, J., Tatti, D., Bayon, R. L., Rothschild, L. J., et al. (2017) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.09.043 · Cited by 21
“Fungi, bacteria and algae colonize and deteriorate even other structural materials like concrete, plastic and metal (Burford et al., 2003).”
Background
Fungal genetic biodiversity and metabolic activity as an indicator of potential biological weathering and soil formation – Case study of towards a better understanding of Earth system dynamics
Gałązka, A., Marzec-Grządziel, A., Grządziel, J., Varsadiya, M., & Pawlik, Ł. (2022) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109136 · Cited by 20
Stone-Eating Fungi
Kirtzel, J., Siegel, D. R. N., Krause, K., & Kothe, E. (2017) · Advances in applied microbiology · doi:10.1016/bs.aambs.2017.01.002 · Cited by 20
Investigation of lichens using molecular techniques and associated mineral accumulations on a basaltic flow in a Mediterranean environment
Arocena, J. M., Siddique, T., Thring, R. W., & Kapur, S. (2007) · CATENA · doi:10.1016/j.catena.2006.11.006 · Cited by 20
“In addition, lichens exert mechanical pressure and break the minerals during thalli growth (Burford et al., 2003; Carter and Viles, 2004).”
Background
The isotopic biosignatures of photo‐ vs. thiotrophic bivalves: are they preserved in fossil shells?
Dreier, A., Loh, W. K. W., Blumenberg, M., Thiel, V., Hause-Reitner, D., & Hoppert, M. (2014) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12093 · Cited by 19
“Endolithic micro-organisms boring in carbonates shells and substrates are widespread in marine environments; fungi, microalgae, and cyanobacteria have been described to date (Golubic, 1969; Burford et al., 2003; Hoppert et al., 2004).”
Background
Bioleaching of Lizardite by Magnesium- and Nickel-Resistant Fungal Isolate from Serpentinite Soils—Implication for Carbon Capture and Storage
Li, Z., Xu, J., Teng, H. H., Liu, L., Chen, J., Chen, Y., Zhao, L., & Ji, J. (2013) · Geomicrobiology Journal · doi:10.1080/01490451.2013.835888 · Cited by 19
“Meanwhile, fungi and fungal symbionts have also been recognized for their enhancing roles in rock weathering and mineral dissolution (Banfield et al. 1999; Burford et al. 2003a, 2003b; Favero-Longo et al. 2007; Gadd and Raven 2010).”
Background
Sol–gel synthesis of Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles: a comparative study of their antifungal activity in partially quaternized p(DMAEMA) nanocomposite films
Sierra-Fernández, A., la Rosa‐García, S. D., Macías, R. Y., Guerrero‐Sánchez, C., Gomez-Villalba, L. S., Gómez‐Cornelio, S., Rabanal, M. E., Schubert, U. S., González, R. F., & Quintana, P. (2018) · Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology · doi:10.1007/s10971-018-4890-9 · Cited by 19
Distribution of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Acidic and Alkaline Soil and Their Accumulation by Aspergillus niger
Šebesta, M., Nemček, L., Urík, M., Kolenčík, M., Bujdoš, M., Hagarová, I., & Matúš, P. (2020) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy10111833 · Cited by 19
“Soil microorganisms also partially contribute to this process [25] via complexolysis by excreting extracellular biogenic chelating metabolites.”
Background
Meteoric lithification of catastrophic rockslide deposits: Diagenesis and significance
Sanders, D., Ostermann, M., Brandner, R., & Prager, C. (2009) · Sedimentary Geology · doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.11.007 · Cited by 19
“Because we did not observe rhizocretions in our samples, we prefer to interpret these alveolar structures as a result of fungal and/ or lichen-induced calcification (cf. Wright, 1989; Burford et al., 2003).”
Background
The role of microorganisms and biofilms in the breakdown and dissolution of quartz and glass
Brehm, U., Gorbushina, A. A., & Mottershead, D. N. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52019-7.50011-5 · Cited by 19
Geomycology
Gadd, G. M. (2011) · Encyclopedia of earth sciences series/Encyclopedia of earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_102 · Cited by 19
Endolithic Microorganisms and Their Habitats
Omelon, C. R. (2016) · Advances in environmental microbiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28071-4_4 · Cited by 19

Authors: Burford, E. P., Fomina, M., & Gadd, G. M.
Affiliations: University of Dundee (GB)
ORCID: Fomina, M.
Gadd, G. M.
Venue: Mineralogical Magazine
Publisher: Mineralogical Society
Published: 2003-12
Volume: 67
Issue: 6
Pages: 1127-1155
ISSN: 0026-461X (ISSN-L)
1471-8022
DOI: 10.1180/0026461036760154
OpenAlex: W2106222412
Cited by: 392
References: 236
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 19.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 5330 d)
Locations: Mineralogical Magazine (publishedVersion)
Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Building materials and conservation
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Metals and Alloys › Metal Extraction and Bioleaching
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Keywords: fungi, bioweathering, biotransformation, rock weathering, building stone deterioration, mineral-microbe interactions, metal mobilization, metal immobilization, biogeochemical cycles, bioremediation, radionuclide recovery, metal recovery, geomicrobiology

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Fungal involvement in bioweathering and biotransformation of rocks and minerals

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