The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Racial and ethnic disparities in hematologic malignancies
Open accessAbstract
Racial and ethnic disparities in patients with solid malignancies have been well documented. Less is known about these disparities in patients with hematologic malignancies. With the advent of novel chemotherapeutics and targeted molecular, cellular, and immunologic therapies, it is important to identify differences in care that may lead to disparate outcomes. This review provides a critical appraisal of the empirical research on racial and ethnic disparities in incidence, survival, and outcomes in patients with hematologic malignancies. The review focuses on patients with acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and myelodysplastic syndrome. The review discusses possible causes of racial and ethnic disparities and also considers future directions for studies to help decrease disparities.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Significant racial and ethnic disparities in the incidence and survival of hematologic malignancies have also been documented [51,52].”
From Race and ethnicity: Risk factors for fungal infections? (2023) · cites this paper as [51]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Adverse Renal Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review
Wanchoo, R., Karam, S., Uppal, N. N., Barta, V. S., Deray, G., Devoe, C., Launay‐Vacher, V., Jhaveri, K. D., & on behalf of Cancer and Kidney International Network Workgroup on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (2017) · American Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1159/000455014 · Cited by 15,320
Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., & Jemal, A. (2017) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21387 · Cited by 14,712
SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2003
Ries, L. A. G., Harkins, D., Krapcho, M. F., Mariotto, A. B., Miller, B., Feuer, E. J., Clegg, L. X., Eisner, M. P., Horner, M., Howlader, N., et al. (2006) · Digital Archive @ GSU · Cited by 11,404
Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer
Borghaei, H., Paz-Ares, L., Horn, L., Spigel, D. R., Steins, M., Ready, N. E., Chow, L. Q., Vokes, E. E., Felip, E., Holgado, E., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1507643 · Cited by 9,335
Nivolumab versus Everolimus in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma
Motzer, R. J., Escudier, B., McDermott, D. F., George, S., Hammers, H. J., Srinivas, S., Tykodi, S. S., Sosman, J. A., Procopio, G., Plimack, E. R., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1510665 · Cited by 5,807
Barriers to recruiting underrepresented populations to cancer clinical trials: a systematic review
Ford, J. G., Howerton, M. W., Lai, G. Y., Gary, T. L., Bolen, S., Gibbons, M. C., Tilburt, J., Baffi, C., Tanpitukpongse, T. P., Wilson, R. F., et al. (2008) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.23157 · Cited by 1,083
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Receipt of Cancer Treatment
Shavers, V. L. (2002) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/94.5.334 · Cited by 953
Comorbidity and Survival Disparities Among Black and White Patients With Breast Cancer
Tammemägi, M. C. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.14.1765 · Cited by 428
Barriers to Clinical Trial Enrollment in Racial and Ethnic Minority Patients With Cancer
Hamel, L., Penner, L., Albrecht, T., Heath, E., Gwede, C., & Eggly, S. (2016) · Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Cente · doi:10.1177/107327481602300404 · Cited by 426
Racial disparities in incidence and outcome in multiple myeloma: a population-based study
Waxman, A. J., Mink, P. J., Devesa, S. S., Anderson, W. F., Weiss, B. M., Kristinsson, S. Y., McGlynn, K. A., & Landgren, O. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-07-298760 · Cited by 411
NONCOMPLIANCE IN ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS
Schweizer, R. T., Rovelli, M. A., Palmeri, D., Vossler, E. D., Hull, D., & Bartus, S. A. (1990) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-199002000-00029 · Cited by 369
Missed Opportunities: Racial Disparities in Adjuvant Breast Cancer Treatment
Bickell, N. A., WANG, J. J., Oluwole, S. F., Schrag, D., Godfrey, H., Hiotis, K. L., Mendez, J. E., & Guth, A. A. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.04.5799 · Cited by 362
Racial Disparities in Treatment and Survival Among Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Hershman, D. L., McBride, R. B., Jacobson, J. S., Lamerato, L. E., Roberts, K. D., Grann, V. R., & Neugut, A. I. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.12.633 · Cited by 308
Landgren, O., Graubard, B. I., Katzmann, J. A., Kyle, R. A., Ahmadizadeh, I., Clark, R. J., Kumar, S. K., Dispenzieri, A. A., Greenberg, A. J., Therneau, T. M., et al. (2014) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/leu.2014.34 · Cited by 209
Pollock, B. H., DeBaun, M. R., Camitta, B. M., Shuster, J. J., Ravindranath, Y., Pullen, D. J., Land, V. J., Mahoney, D. H., Lauer, S. J., & Murphy, S. B. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2000.18.4.813 · Cited by 177
Kahn, J. M., Keegan, T. H. M., Tao, L., Abrahão, R., Bleyer, A., & Viny, A. D. (2016) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.30089 · Cited by 156
Baker, K. S., Davies, S. M., Majhail, N. S., Hassebroek, A. M., Klein, J. P., Ballen, K. K., Bigelow, C. L., Frangoul, H., Hardy, C. L., Bredeson, C., et al. (2009) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.07.023 · Cited by 153
Self-citationLouwman, M. W. J., Aarts, M. J., Houterman, S., van Lenthe, F. J., Coebergh, J. W. W., & Janssen-Heijnen, M. L. G. (2010) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605949 · Cited by 152
Hospital Factors and Racial Disparities in Mortality After Surgery for Breast and Colon Cancer
Breslin, T. M., Morris, A. M., Gu, N., Wong, S. L., Finlayson, E. V. A., Banerjee, M., & Birkmeyer, J. D. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.20.8546 · Cited by 145
Schmiegelow, K., Schrøder, H. D., Gustafsson, G., Kristinsson, J. A., Glomstein, A., Salmi, T., & WRANNE, L. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1995.13.2.345 · Cited by 143
Racial differences in three major NHL subtypes: Descriptive epidemiology
Li, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Yi, D., & Ma, S. (2015) · Cancer Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.canep.2014.12.001 · Cited by 114
Sekeres, M. A. (2004) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2003-09-3118 · Cited by 114
Racial disparities in treatment use for multiple myeloma
Fiala, M. A., & Wildes, T. M. (2017) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.30526 · Cited by 113
Outcome disparities in multiple myeloma: a SEER ‐based comparative analysis of ethnic subgroups
Ailawadhi, S., Aldoss, I. T., Yang, D., Razavi, P., Cozen, W., Sher, T., & Chanan-Khan, A. A. (2012) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09124.x · Cited by 111
Pulte, D. D., Redaniel, M. T., Jansen, L., Brenner, H., & Jeffreys, M. (2012) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2012.063602 · Cited by 102
Keegan, T. H. M., DeRouen, M. C., Parsons, H. M., Clarke, C. A., Goldberg, D. E., Flowers, C. R., & Glaser, S. L. (2016) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0756 · Cited by 92
Racial disparities in Hodgkin's lymphoma: a comprehensive population-based analysis.
Evens, A., Antillon, M., Aschebrook-Kilfoy, B., & Chiu, B. (2012) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr578 · Cited by 91
Flowers, C. R., Fedewa, S. A., Chen, A. Y., Nastoupil, L. J., Lipscomb, J., Brawley, O. W., & Ward, E. (2012) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0466 · Cited by 88
Wang, M. L., Burau, K. D., Fang, S., Wang, H., & Du, X. L. (2008) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.23914 · Cited by 85
How Do Differences in Treatment Impact Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Acute Myeloid Leukemia?
Patel, M. I., Ma, Y., Mitchell, B. S., & Rhoads, K. F. (2015) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0963 · Cited by 85
Serna, D. S., Lee, S. J., Zhang, M.-J., Baker, K. S., Eapen, M., Horowitz, M. M., Klein, J. P., Rizzo, J. D., & Loberiza, F. R. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2003.03.133 · Cited by 85
Self-citationCosta, L. J., Huang, J.-X., & Hari, P. (2014) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.12.024 · Cited by 83
Role of Ethnicity in Predicting Antipsychotic Medication Adherence
Opolka, J. L., Rascati, K. L., Brown, C. M., & Gibson, P. J. (2003) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.1c321 · Cited by 81
Effects of Poverty and Race on Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Byrne, M. M., Halman, L. J., Koniaris, L. G., Cassileth, P. A., Rosenblatt, J. D., & Cheung, M. C. (2010) · American Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1097/coc.0b013e3181dea934 · Cited by 75
Noncompliance in organ transplant recipients.
Rovelli, M., Palmeri, D., Vossler, E., Bartus, S., Hull, D., & Schweizer, R. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 71
Matherly, L. H., Taub, J. W., Wong, S. C., Simpson, P. M., Ekizian, R., Buck, S., Williamson, M. P., Amylon, M. D., Pullen, J., Camitta, B. M., et al. (1997) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v90.2.578 · Cited by 64
Understanding disparities in leukemia: a national study
Patel, M. I., Ma, Y., Mitchell, B. S., & Rhoads, K. F. (2012) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-012-0062-3 · Cited by 60
Baker, K. S., Loberiza, F. R., Yu, H., Cairo, M. S., Bolwell, B. J., Bujan-Boza, W., Camitta, B. M., García, J. J., Ho, W. G., Liesveld, J. L., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.01.7269 · Cited by 59
Costa, L. J., Hari, P. N., & Kumar, S. K. (2016) · Leukemia & Lymphoma · doi:10.3109/10428194.2016.1170828 · Cited by 57
Disparities in survival after Hodgkin lymphoma: a population-based study
Keegan, T. H. M., Clarke, C. A., Chang, E. T., Shema, S. J., & Glaser, S. L. (2009) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-009-9382-3 · Cited by 51
Landier, W., Chen, Y., Hageman, L., Kim, H., Bostrom, B., Casillas, J., Dickens, D. S., Evans, W. E., Maloney, K. W., Mascarenhas, L., et al. (2017) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2016-07-726893 · Cited by 46
The impact of race on outcomes of autologous transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma
Verma, P. S., Howard, R. S., & Weiss, B. M. (2008) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.21139 · Cited by 45
Kent, E. E., Morris, R. A., Largent, J. A., Ziogas, A., Sender, L. S., & Anton‐Culver, H. (2010) · Journal of Cancer Epidemiology · doi:10.1155/2010/824691 · Cited by 45
Patel, M. I., Ma, Y., Mitchell, B. S., & Rhoads, K. F. (2013) · American Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1097/coc.0b013e31828d7536 · Cited by 37
Dominick, K. L., Golightly, Y. M., & Bosworth, H. B. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 21
Outcome Disparities in Caucasian and Non-Caucasian Patients With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Khan, I., Shergill, A. P., Saraf, S. L., Chen, Y., Patel, P. R., Quigley, J. G., Peace, D. J., Gordeuk, V. R., Hoffman, R., & Rondelli, D. (2016) · Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma & Leukemia · doi:10.1016/j.clml.2016.02.036 · Cited by 20
Race and intensity of post-remission therapy in acute myeloid leukemia
Brady, A. K., Fu, A. Z., Earl, M. A., Kalaycio, M. E., Advani, A. S., Saunthararajah, Y., Sobecks, R. M., Copelan, E. A., & Sekeres, M. A. (2010) · Leukemia Research · doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2010.07.020 · Cited by 13
Dressler, L. G., Deal, A. M., Owzar, K., Watson, D. M., Donahue, K., Friedman, P. N., Ratain, M. J., & McLeod, H. L. (2015) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djv188 · Cited by 9
Fiala, M. A., Keller, J., Stockerl-Goldstein, K. E., Tomasson, M. H., Vij, R., & Wildes, T. M. (2014) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v124.21.555.555 · Cited by 5
Racial Disparities in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS): Clinical and Molecular Depiction
Ramadan, H., Melody, M. E., Steele, A., Ali, N. H. A., Padron, E., Sallman, D. A., Sweet, K. L., Lancet, J. E., List, A. F., & Komrokji, R. S. (2016) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v128.22.1997.1997 · Cited by 3
Race and Intensity of Post-Remission Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).
Brady, A. K., Fu, A. Z., Earl, M. A., Kalaycio, M. E., Advani, A. S., Saunthararajah, Y., Sobecks, R. M., Copelan, E. A., & Sekeres, M. A. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v114.22.1012.1012 · Cited by 1
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in NK/T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas in the US: A SEER Analysis
Kang, I. M., Yang, D., Park, M. H., Mohrbacher, A. M., Tulpule, A., Siddiqi, I. N., Ailawadhi, S., & Kelly, K. R. (2016) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v128.22.3612.3612 · Cited by 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cancer health disparities in racial/ethnic minorities in the United States
Zavala, V. A., Bracci, P. M., Carethers, J. M., Carvajal‐Carmona, L. G., Halmai, N. B., Cruz-Correa, M. R., Davis, M. B., de Smith, A. J., Dutil, J., Figueiredo, J. C., et al. (2020) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-020-01038-6 · Cited by 952
American Cancer Society nutrition and physical activity guideline for cancer survivors
Rock, C. L., Thomson, C. A., Sullivan, K. R., Howe, C. L., Kushi, L. H., Caan, B. J., Neuhouser, M. L., Bandera, E. V., Wang, Y., Robien, K., et al. (2022) · CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21719 · Cited by 741
Malard, F., Neri, P. E., Bahlis, N. J., Terpos, E., Moukalled, N. M., Hungria, V., Manier, S., & Mohty, M. (2024) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-024-00529-7 · Cited by 387
Epidemiology and Etiology of Leukemia and LymphomaPreprint
Bispo, J. A. B., Pinheiro, P. S., & Kobetz, E. K. (2019) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a034819 · Cited by 338
Health equity among black women in the United States
Chinn, J. J., Martin, I. K., & Redmond, N. (2021) · Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2020.8868 · Cited by 320
Metadata
- Authors
- Kirtane, K., & Lee, S. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Blood
- Publisher
- American Society of Hematology
- Published
- 2017-10-12
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1699-1705
- ISSN
- 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
- 1528-0020
- PMC
- PMC5639484
- OpenAlex
- W2737749411
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Blood (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (T32CA009515)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research
- Keywords
- racial and ethnic disparities, hematologic malignancies, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndrome, cancer incidence, cancer survival, health disparities
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Ethnicity, Humans, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hematologic Neoplasms, Racial Groups, Health Status Disparities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review