Monoclonal antibody 1F5 (anti-CD20) serotherapy of human B cell lymphomas

Abstract

Four patients with refractory malignant B cell lymphomas were treated with continuous intravenous (IV) infusions of murine monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 1F5 (anti-CD20) over five to ten days. Dose-dependent levels of free serum 1F5 were detected in all patients. Two patients had circulating tumor cells and in both cases 90% of malignant cells were eliminated from the blood stream within four hours of initiation of serotherapy. Antigenic modulation did not occur, and sustained reduction of circulating tumor cells was observed throughout the duration of the infusions. Serial bone marrow aspirations and lymph node biopsies were examined by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques to ascertain MoAb penetration into extravascular sites. High doses (100 to 800 mg/m2/d and high serum 1F5 levels (13 to 190 micrograms/mL) were required to coat tumor cells in these compartments in contrast to the low doses that were adequate for depletion of circulating cells. Clinical response appeared to correlate with dose of MoAb administered with progressive disease (52 mg), stable disease (104 mg), minor response (1,032 mg), and partial response (2,380 mg) observed in consecutive patients. The patient treated with the highest 1F5 dose achieved a 90% reduction in evaluable lymph node disease, but the duration of this remission was brief (six weeks). This study demonstrates that high doses of 1F5 can be administered to patients with negligible toxicity by continuous infusion and that clinical responses can be obtained in patients given greater than 1 g of unmodified antibody over a ten-day period.