Predictors of dyspnoea prevalence: results from the BOLD study
Open accessAbstract
Dyspnoea is a cardinal symptom for cardiorespiratory diseases. No study has assessed worldwide variation in dyspnoea prevalence or predictors of dyspnoea. We used cross-sectional data from population-based samples in 15 countries of the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study to estimate prevalence of dyspnoea in the full sample, as well as in an a priori defined low-risk group (few risk factors or dyspnoea-associated diseases). Dyspnoea was defined by the modified Medical Research Council questions. We used ordered logistic regression analysis to study the association of dyspnoea with site, sex, age, education, smoking habits, low/high body mass index, self-reported disease and spirometry results. Of the 9484 participants, 27% reported any dyspnoea. In the low-risk subsample (n=4329), 16% reported some dyspnoea. In multivariate analyses, all covariates were correlated to dyspnoea, but only 13% of dyspnoea variation was explained. Females reported more dyspnoea than males (odds ratio ∼2.1). When forced vital capacity fell below 60% of predicted, dyspnoea was much more likely. There was considerable geographical variation in dyspnoea, even when we adjusted for known risk factors and spirometry results. We were only able to explain 13% of dyspnoea variation.
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Breathlessness severity is not reliably predicted by the severity of airflow limitation/lung pathology in COPD.
“Its intensity is not reliably predicted by the severity of lung pathology”
From The Breathing, Thinking, Functioning clinical model: a proposal to facilitate evidence-based breathlessness management in chronic respiratory disease (2017) · cites this paper as [8]
The Results report considerable overlap in lung-function measurements across dyspnoea grades, and the Discussion says adding spirometry had only a minor impact on models explaining dyspnoea. This supports the point that airflow measures do not reliably predict breathlessness intensity, but the analysis was population-based rather than specific to people with COPD, and it did not assess lung pathology beyond spirometry. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Grønseth, R., Vollmer, W. M., Hardie, J. A., Ólafsdóttir, I. S., Lamprecht, B., Buist, A. S., Gnatiuc, L., Gulsvik, A., Johannessen, A., & Enright, P.
- Affiliations
- Haukeland University Hospital (NO)
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research (US)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Paracelsus Medical University (AT)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Venue
- European Respiratory Journal
- Publisher
- European Respiratory Society (ERS)
- Published
- 2013-10-31
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1610-1620
- ISSN
- 0903-1936 (ISSN-L)
- 1399-3003
- PMC
- PMC4143752
- OpenAlex
- W1981564791
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 6.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Respiratory Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- University of Kentucky
- Wellcome Trust (085790, 085790/Z/08/Z)
- South African Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- dyspnea, prevalence, obstructive lung disease, forced vital capacity, sex differences, regional variation, smoking, body mass index, spirometry, cardiopulmonary disease
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dyspnea, Female, Forced Expiratory Volume, Geography, Health Surveys, Humans, Lung Diseases, Obstructive, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Smoking, Spirometry, Vital Capacity, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Odds Ratio, Internationality
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