Respiratory health in children, and indoor exposure to (1,3)-β-d-glucan, EPS mould components and endotoxin
Open accessAbstract
For a long time, exposure to mould and dampness-derived microbial components was considered a risk factor for the development of respiratory diseases and symptoms. Some recent studies suggested that early childhood exposure to mould components, such as (1,3)-β- d -glucan and extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs), may protect children from developing allergy. We investigated the association of exposure to (1,3)-β- d -glucan, EPS and endotoxin with asthma and allergies in 6-yr-old children. This investigation was the follow-up to a nested case–control study among three European birth cohorts. Children from two ongoing birth cohort studies performed in Germany (n = 358) and one in the Netherlands (n = 338) were selected. Levels of (1,3)-β- d -glucan, EPS and endotoxin were measured in settled house dust sampled from children’s mattresses and living-room floors when the children were, on average, 5 yrs of age. At the age of 6 yrs, health outcome information was available for 678 children. In the two German subsets, domestic EPS and endotoxin exposure from children’s mattresses were significantly negatively associated with physician-diagnosed asthma (OR per interquartile range increase 0.60 (95% CI 0.39–0.92) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.31–0.97), respectively). In addition, EPS exposure was inversely related to physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.31–0.81). For the Dutch population, no associations were observed between exposure to microbial agents and respiratory health outcomes. We found inverse associations between domestic exposure to EPS and endotoxin from children’s mattresses, and doctor-diagnosed asthma and rhinitis in German, but not in Dutch, school children. The reasons for the differences between countries are not clear.
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An inverse association between exposure to endotoxin in infancy and childhood and the development of allergic sensitization has been shown in rural and urban environments, but results have not been uniform across studies.
“Inverse association between exposure to endotoxin in infancy and childhood and the development of allergic sensitization has been shown in rural and urban environments, but the results have not been uniform between the studies.656,657”
From International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (2018) · cites this paper as [657]
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- Authors
- Tischer, C., Gehring, U., Chen, C.-M., Kerkhof, M., Koppelman, G., Sausenthaler, S., Herbarth, O., Schaaf, B., Lehmann, I., Krämer, U., Berdel, D., von Berg, A., Bauer, C. P., Koletzko, S., Wichmann, H.-E., Brunekreef, B., & Heinrich, J.
- Affiliations
- Helmholtz Munich (DE)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (DE)
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Respiratory Journal
- Publisher
- European Respiratory Society (ERS)
- Published
- 2010-09-03
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1050-1059
- ISSN
- 0903-1936 (ISSN-L)
- 1399-3003
- OpenAlex
- W2120524753
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Respiratory Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
- mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
- Universiteit Utrecht
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung
- Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
- Technische Universität München
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational exposure and asthma
- Keywords
- β-1,3-glucan, exopolysaccharides, endotoxin, dampness, house dust, childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis, pediatric allergy, cross-national differences
- MeSH terms
- Asthma, Beds, Child, Child, Preschool, Dust, Female, Floors and Floorcoverings, Fungi, Germany, Humans, Male, Netherlands, Proteoglycans, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, Toxins, Biological, Cohort Studies, Case-Control Studies, beta-Glucans
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