Home visits - central to primary care, tradition or an obligation? A qualitative study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Home visits are claimed to be a central element of primary care. However, the frequency with which home visits are made is declining both internationally and in Germany despite the increase in the number of chronically ill elderly patients. Given this, the question arises as to how to ensure sufficient primary health care for this vulnerable patient group. The aim of this study was to explore German general practitioners' (GPs) attitudes with regard to the feasibility, burden and outlook of continued home visits in German primary care. METHODS: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were carried out with 24 GPs from the city of Hannover, Germany, and its rural surroundings. Data was analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The GPs indicated that they frequently conduct home visits, but not all of them were convinced of their benefit. Most were not really motivated to undertake home visits but some felt obliged to. The basic conditions covering home visits were described as unsatisfactory, in particular with respect to reimbursement and time constraints. House calls for vulnerable, elderly people remained undisputed, whereas visits of a social nature were mostly deleted. Urgent house calls were increasingly delegated to the emergency services. Visits to nursing homes were portrayed as being emotionally distressing. GPs considered good cooperation with nursing staff the key factor to ensure a successful nursing home visit. The GPs wanted to ease their work load while still ensuring quality home care but were unable to suggest how this might be achieved. Better financial compensation was proposed most often. The involvement of specially trained nurses was considered possible, but viewed with resentment. CONCLUSIONS: Home visits are still an integral aspect of primary care in Germany and impose a considerable workload on many practices. Though the existing situation was generally perceived as unsatisfactory, German GPs could not envisage alternatives if asked to consider whether the current arrangements were sustainable in the future. To guarantee an unaltered quality of primary home care, German GPs and health care policy makers should actively initiate a debate on the need for and nature of home visits in the future.
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Previous HCI research has explored strategies and interactive tools for healthcare communication such as embodied agents, voice assistants, and mobile apps, which do not necessarily involve AI and thus follow more fixed interaction flows.
“For example, previous HCI research has also explored strategies and interactive tools for healthcare communication such as embodied agents, voice assistants, and mobile apps, which do not necessarily involve AI and thus follow more fixed interaction flows [13,31,32,99,106].”
From Talk2Care: An LLM-based Voice Assistant for Communication between Healthcare Providers and Older Adults (2024) · cites this paper as [106]
The Discussion mentions telecommunication and computer guides only as possible future technologies for home care; it does not report HCI research on interactive healthcare-communication tools. Searches for embodied agents, voice assistants, mobile apps, AI, and fixed interaction flows found no passage addressing those claims. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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da Costa, W. P., Torres, H. D. C., Almeida, A. P. S. C., de Abreu, L. C., Costa, A. C. O., Portes, E. A., Vimercati, A. T., Moreira, V. F., & Sarti, T. D. (2026) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/97947
McCoy, M., Tasnim, S., Millward, H., Roy, J., Hall, W., Webber, C., Bennett, C. L., Hsu, A. T., & Isenberg, S. R. (2026) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2026.105810
- Authors
- Theile, G., Kruschinski, C., Buck, M., Müller, C. A., & Hummers-Pradier, E.
- Affiliations
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Theile, Gudrun
- ORCID
- Theile, Gudrun
- Venue
- BMC Family Practice
- Published
- 2011-04-22
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 24-24
- ISSN
- 1471-2296 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3098781
- OpenAlex
- W2005368648
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Family Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Primary Care and Health Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Healthcare Systems and Technology
- Keywords
- home visits, general practitioners, primary care, elderly patients, chronic disease, GP attitudes, reimbursement, workload, nursing homes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Female, Germany, House Calls, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Nurses, Nursing Homes, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Time Factors, Workload, Qualitative Research, General Practitioners
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