The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
First infection by all four non-severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronaviruses takes place during childhood
Open accessAbstract
Background: Non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (non-SARS)-related human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including HCoV-229E, -HKU1, -NL63, and -OC43, have been detected in respiratory tract samples from children and adults. However, the natural prevalence of antibodies against these viruses in serum among population is unknown. Methods: To measure antibodies to the spike (S) protein of the four common non-SARS HCoVs, recombinant S proteins of the four HCoVs were expressed and characterised in 293 T cell. An S-protein-based indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was then developed to detect anti-S IgG and IgM for the four individual HCoVs and applied to serum samples from a general asymptomatic population (218 children and 576 adults) in Beijing. Results: Of 794 blood samples tested, only 29 (3.65%) were negative for anti-S IgG. The seropositivity of the four anti-S IgG antibodies was >70% within the general population. The majority of seroconversions to four-HCoV positivity first occurred in children. Both S-IgG and S-IgM antibodies were detectable among children and increased with age, reaching a plateau at 6 years of age. However, no anti-S IgM was detected in healthy adults. Conclusion: Large proportions of children and adults in Beijing have evidence of anti-S IgG against four the HCoVs, and first infections by all four non-SARS HCoVs takes place during childhood.
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“Endemic hCoVs circulate worldwide and cause widespread infection during childhood73.”
From Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection (2021) · cites this paper as [73]
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2 retracted
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhou, W., Wang, W., Wang, H., Lu, R., & Tan, W.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Tan, Wenjie
- Venue
- BMC Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2013-09-16
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 433-433
- ISSN
- 1471-2334 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3848659
- OpenAlex
- W2025196919
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 32 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital
- Peking Union Medical College
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2011CB504704)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Keywords
- human coronaviruses, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, seroprevalence, seroconversion, pediatric infection, anti-spike IgG, asymptomatic infection, Beijing population
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Viral, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Infections, Young Adult
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