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Cited by 111Hallucinations in medical conditionsParkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsSchizophrenia research and treatment

A questionnaire-based (UM-PDHQ) study of hallucinations in Parkinson's disease

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Papapetropoulos, Spiridon, Katzen, Heather, Schrag, Anette, Singer, Carlos, Scanlon, Blake K, Nation, Daniel, Guevara, Alexandra, Levin, Bonnie·2008·BMC Neurology
DOI 10.1186/1471-2377-8-21PMC PMC2443167
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hallucinations occur in 20-40% of PD patients and have been associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes (i.e., nursing home placement, increased mortality). Hallucinations, like other non-motor features of PD, are not well recognized in routine primary/secondary clinical practice. So far, there has been no instrument for uniform characterization of hallucinations in PD. To this end, we developed the University of Miami Parkinson's disease Hallucinations Questionnaire (UM-PDHQ) that allows comprehensive assessment of hallucinations in clinical or research settings. METHODS: The UM-PDHQ is composed of 6 quantitative and 14 qualitative items. For our study PD patients of all ages and in all stages of the disease were recruited over an 18-month period. The UPDRS, MMSE, and Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories were used for comparisons. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Seventy consecutive PD patients were included in the analyses. Thirty-one (44.3%) were classified as hallucinators and 39 as non-hallucinators. No significant group differences were observed in terms of demographics, disease characteristics, stage, education, depressive/anxiety scores or cognitive functioning (MMSE) between hallucinators and non-hallucinators. Single mode hallucinations were reported in 20/31 (visual/14, auditory/4, olfactory/2) whereas multiple modalities were reported in 11/31 patients. The most common hallucinatory experience was a whole person followed by small animals, insects and reptiles. CONCLUSION: Using the UM-PDHQ, we were able to define the key characteristics of hallucinations in PD in our cohort. Future directions include the validation of the quantitative part of the questionnaire than will serve as a rating scale for severity of hallucinations.

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  • One study showed that visual component was lacking in 10% of cases of hallucinations in Parkinson's disease.

    “One study showed that visual component was lacking in 10% of cases (Papapetropoulos and Heather Katzen 2008).”

    From The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. (2016) · cites this paper as Papapetropoulos and Heather Katzen 2008

    The Discussion reports that seven of 70 Parkinson’s disease patients had hallucinations lacking a visual component, giving an overall prevalence of 10%. But the Results (Characteristics of hallucinators) state that those seven were 22.5% of the 31 patients who had hallucinations. Thus 10% applies to all patients studied, not to cases of hallucinations. (LLM, conf=0.92)

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Authors
Papapetropoulos, S., Katzen, H., Schrag, A., Singer, C., Scanlon, B. K., Nation, D., Guevara, A., & Levin, B.
Affiliations
  • University of Miami (US)
  • The Royal Free Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author
Papapetropoulos, Spiridon
ORCID
Venue
BMC Neurology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2008-06-20
Volume
8
Issue
1
Pages
21-21
ISSN
1471-2377 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1471-2377-8-21
PMC
PMC2443167
OpenAlex
W2123998736
Cited by
111
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
FWCI
2.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Parkinson Foundation
  • Parkinsonfonden
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R03MH074059)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Keywords
hallucinations, Parkinson's disease, visual hallucinations, auditory hallucinations, olfactory hallucinations, non-motor symptoms, questionnaire development
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Florida, Hallucinations, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Surveys and Questionnaires, Antipsychotic Agents, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Age of Onset

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