The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The psychometric properties of three self-report screening instruments for identifying frail older people in the community
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Frailty is highly prevalent in older people. Its serious adverse consequences, such as disability, are considered to be a public health problem. Therefore, disability prevention in community-dwelling frail older people is considered to be a priority for research and clinical practice in geriatric care. With regard to disability prevention, valid screening instruments are needed to identify frail older people in time. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the psychometric properties of three screening instruments: the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI), the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) and the Sherbrooke Postal Questionnaire (SPQ). For validation purposes the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (GARS) was added. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 687 community-dwelling older people (> or = 70 years). Agreement between instruments, internal consistency, and construct validity of instruments were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: The response rate was 77%. Prevalence estimates of frailty ranged from 40% to 59%. The highest agreement was found between the GFI and the TFI (Cohen's kappa = 0.74). Cronbach's alpha for the GFI, the TFI and the SPQ was 0.73, 0.79 and 0.26, respectively. Scores on the three instruments correlated significantly with each other (GFI - TFI, r = 0.87; GFI - SPQ, r = 0.47; TFI - SPQ, r = 0.42) and with the GARS (GFI - GARS, r = 0.57; TFI - GARS, r = 0.61; SPQ - GARS, r = 0.46). The GFI and the TFI scores were, as expected, significantly related to age, sex, education and income. CONCLUSIONS: The GFI and the TFI showed high internal consistency and construct validity in contrast to the SPQ. Based on these findings it is not yet possible to conclude whether the GFI or the TFI should be preferred; data on the predictive values of both instruments are needed. The SPQ seems less appropriate for postal screening of frailty among community-dwelling older people.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The timed-up-and-go test (TUGT), a simple standardised measure of gait speed that requires a stop watch (105), and hand grip strength that requires a hand-held dynamometer (106), have been investigated as potential single assessments to detect frailty.”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [105]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data
Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529310 · Cited by 81,148
Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype
Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W. J., Burke, G., et al. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146 · Cited by 24,907
Older Adults' Reasons for Using Technology while Aging in Place
Peek, S. T. M., Luijkx, K. G., Rijnaard, M. D., Nieboer, M. E., van der Voort, C. S., Aarts, S., van Hoof, J., Vrijhoef, H. J., & Wouters, E. (2015) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000430949 · Cited by 19,852
Psychometric theory (2nd ed.).
Sitgreaves, R. (1979) · Contemporary Psychology · doi:10.1037/018882 · Cited by 14,384
Fundamentals of Biostatistics.
(1969) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-70-4-873 · Cited by 4,573
Fried, L. P., Ferrucci, L., Darer, J., Williamson, J. D., & Anderson, G. (2004) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/59.3.m255 · Cited by 4,032
A standard procedure for creating a frailty index
Searle, S. D., Mitnitski, A., Gahbauer, E. A., Gill, T. M., & Rockwood, K. (2008) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-8-24 · Cited by 3,568
Frailty in relation to the accumulation of deficits
Rockwood, K., & Mitnitski, A. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/62.7.722 · Cited by 3,076
The theory of the estimation of test reliability
Kuder, G. F., & Richardson, M. W. (1937) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02288391 · Cited by 1,953
The Tilburg Frailty Indicator: Psychometric Properties
Gobbens, R. J. J., van Assen, M. A. L. M., Luijkx, K. G., Wijnen-Sponselee, M. T., & Schols, J. M. G. A. (2010) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2009.11.003 · Cited by 1,167
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Roberts H, Hemsley Z, Thomas G, Aihie Sayer A, Gove I, Turner G, Meakins P, Morran-Ryan M, Purcell A, Powell J: Can the Sherbrooke postal questionnaire predict who will require comprehensive assessment in the single assessment process? Volume Spring Meeting 2005, 13-15 Apr 2005. 2005, Birmingham, UK: British Geriatrics Society
- Steinbusch C: Screening of frail elderly in the community. The feasibility and psychometric properties of three instruments. 2008, Maastricht, School for Public Health and Primary Care
- Nunnally JC: Psychometric theory. 1978, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clegg, A., Young, J., Iliffe, S., Rikkert, M. O., & Rockwood, K. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)62167-9 · Cited by 9,503
Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review
Collard, R. M., Boter, H., Schoevers, R. A., & Oude Voshaar, R. C. (2012) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x · Cited by 3,073
Frailty measurement in research and clinical practice: A review
Dent, E., Kowal, P. R., & Hoogendijk, E. O. (2016) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2016.03.007 · Cited by 1,356
Outcome instruments to measure frailty: a systematic review
de Vries, N. M., Staal, J. B., van Ravensberg, C. D., Hobbelen, J. S. M., Olde Rikkert, M. G. M., & Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M. W. G. (2011) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2010.09.001 · Cited by 793
Frailty and sarcopenia: The potential role of an aged immune system
Wilson, D., Jackson, T., Sapey, E., & Lord, J. M. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.01.006 · Cited by 573
Metadata
- Authors
- Metzelthin, S. F., Daniëls, R., van Rossum, E., de Witte, L., van den Heuvel, W. J., & Kempen, G. I.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Zuyd University of Applied Sciences (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Metzelthin, Silke F
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2010-03-31
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 176-176
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2868816
- OpenAlex
- W2065281435
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 6.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Universiteit Maastricht
- Zuyd Hogeschool
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Keywords
- frailty, frailty screening, community-dwelling older adults, Groningen Frailty Indicator, Tilburg Frailty Indicator, psychometric properties, internal consistency, construct validity, inter-instrument agreement, disability prevention
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Community Health Services, Female, Health Services for the Aged, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Netherlands, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Residence Characteristics, Geriatric Assessment, Prevalence, Frail Elderly, Self Report
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
