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Cited by 411

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Physical activity as a possible mechanism behind the relationship between green space and health: A multilevel analysis

Open access
Maas, Jolanda, Verheij, Robert A, Spreeuwenberg, Peter, Groenewegen, Peter P·2008·BMC Public Health
DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-8-206
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate whether physical activity (in general, and more specifically, walking and cycling during leisure time and for commuting purposes, sports and gardening) is an underlying mechanism in the relationship between the amount of green space in people's direct living environment and self-perceived health. To study this, we first investigated whether the amount of green space in the living environment is related to the level of physical activity. When an association between green space and physical activity was found, we analysed whether this could explain the relationship between green space and health. METHODS: The study includes 4.899 Dutch people who were interviewed about physical activity, self-perceived health and demographic and socioeconomic background. The amount of green space within a one-kilometre and a three-kilometre radius around the postal code coordinates was calculated for each individual. Multivariate multilevel analyses and multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed at two levels and with controls for socio-demographic characteristics and urbanicity. RESULTS: No relationship was found between the amount of green space in the living environment and whether or not people meet the Dutch public health recommendations for physical activity, sports and walking for commuting purposes. People with more green space in their living environment walked and cycled less often and fewer minutes during leisure time; people with more green space garden more often and spend more time on gardening. Furthermore, if people cycle for commuting purposes they spend more time on this if they live in a greener living environment. Whether or not people garden, the time spent on gardening and time spent on cycling for commuting purposes did not explain the relationship between green space and health. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that the amount of green space in the living environment is scarcely related to the level of physical activity. Furthermore, the amount of physical activity undertaken in greener living environments does not explain the relationship between green space and health.

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Metadata

Authors
Maas, J., Verheij, R. A., Spreeuwenberg, P., & Groenewegen, P. P.
Venue
BMC Public Health
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2008-06-10
Volume
8
Issue
1
Pages
206-206
ISSN
1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1471-2458-8-206
OpenAlex
W2165679377
Cited by
411
References
5
FWCI
9.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 (tdm)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Physical activity as a possible mechanism behind the relationship between green space and health: A multilevel analysis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1186/1471-2458-8-206
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Maas, J., Verheij, R. A., Spreeuwenberg, P., & Groenewegen, P. P. (2008). Physical activity as a possible mechanism behind the relationship between green space and health: A multilevel analysis. BMC Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-206

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