Altered neuromuscular control mechanisms of the trapezius muscle in fibromyalgia
Open accessAbstract
Background: fibromyalgia is a relatively common condition with widespread pain and pressure allodynia, but unknown aetiology. For decades, the association between motor control strategies and chronic pain has been a topic for debate. One long held functional neuromuscular control mechanism is differential activation between regions within a single muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in neuromuscular control, i.e. differential activation, between myalgic trapezius in fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls. Methods: 27 fibromyalgia patients and 30 healthy controls performed 3 minutes bilateral shoulder elevations with different loads (0-4 Kg) with a high-density surface electromyographical (EMG) grid placed above the upper trapezius. Differential activation was quantified by the power spectral median frequency of the difference in EMG amplitude between the cranial and caudal parts of the upper trapezius. The average duration of the differential activation was described by the inverse of the median frequency of the differential activations. Results: the median frequency of the differential activations was significantly lower, and the average duration of the differential activations significantly longer in fibromyalgia compared with controls at the two lowest load levels (0-1 Kg) (p < 0.04), but not at the two highest load levels (2 and 4 Kg). Conclusion: these findings illustrate a different neuromuscular control between fibromyalgia patients and healthy controls during a low load functional task, either sustaining or resulting from the chronic painful condition. The findings may have clinical relevance for rehabilitation strategies for fibromyalgia.
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Fibromyalgia is a disabling chronic pain syndrome characterized by multiple symptoms, including medically unexplained widespread pain, fatigue, cognitive, mood and sleep disorders.
“Fibromyalgia (FM) is a disabling chronic pain syndrome characterized by multiple symptoms, including medically unexplained widespread pain, fatigue, cognitive, mood and sleep disorders.1–11”
From A Review of Movement and Functional Impairments in Fibromyalgia: Implications for Targeted Treatment (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
The Background (page unavailable) characterizes fibromyalgia as a widespread pain syndrome with unknown aetiology, supporting the pain portion of the claim. It does not describe fibromyalgia as disabling or list cognitive, mood, or sleep disorders; its references to fatigue concern muscle activity or myoelectrical findings, not fatigue as a general symptom. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFM patients demonstrate reduced differential muscle activation, likely due to impaired descending motor inhibition and altered neuromuscular strategies.
“FM patients demonstrate reduced differential muscle activation, likely due to impaired descending motor inhibition and altered neuromuscular strategies.1”
From A Review of Movement and Functional Impairments in Fibromyalgia: Implications for Targeted Treatment (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
The Conclusions report less frequent differential activation in the upper trapezius of FM patients than controls and describe it as a possible altered neuromuscular control strategy. The Discussion mentions altered descending inhibition only as one possible consequence of chronic pain; it does not establish impaired descending motor inhibition as the cause. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFM has an unknown aetiology but has been described as a complex hyperalgesic pain syndrome in which abnormalities of central sensory processing interact with peripheral pain generators.
“FM has an unknown aetiology but has been described as a complex hyperalgesic pain syndrome in which abnormalities of central sensory processing interact with peripheral pain generators.1,5,7”
From A Review of Movement and Functional Impairments in Fibromyalgia: Implications for Targeted Treatment (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- Gerdle, B., Grönlund, C., Karlsson, S. J., Holtermann, A., & Roeleveld, K.
- Affiliations
- Linköping University (SE)
- University Hospital of Umeå (SE)
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (DK)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Holtermann, Andreas
- Venue
- BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Published
- 2010-03-05
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 42-42
- ISSN
- 1471-2474 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2839982
- OpenAlex
- W2001176557
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DiVA (Linkoping University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Forskningsrådet för Arbetsliv och Socialvetenskap
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Reumatikerförbundet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Myofascial pain diagnosis and treatment
- Keywords
- fibromyalgia, neuromuscular control, upper trapezius, median frequency, shoulder elevation, chronic pain, motor control strategies, muscle activation patterns, rehabilitation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Biomechanical Phenomena, Electromyography, Female, Fibromyalgia, Humans, Middle Aged, Motor Neurons, Movement, Movement Disorders, Muscle Contraction, Neuromuscular Junction, Shoulder, Comorbidity, Range of Motion, Articular, Weight-Bearing, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Strength
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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