The modified dental anxiety scale: UK general public population norms in 2008 with further psychometrics and effects of age
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) is a brief, self-complete questionnaire consisting of five questions and summed together to produce a total score ranging from 5 to 25. It has reasonable psychometric properties, low instrumental effects and can be integrated into everyday dental practice as a clinical aid and screen for dental anxiety. The objectives were to (i) produce confirmatory evidence of reliability and validity for the MDAS, (ii) provide up-to-date UK representative norms for the general public to enable clinicians to compare their patients' scores, (iii) to determine the nature of the relationship between dental anxiety and age. METHODS: Telephone survey of a representative quota sample of 1000 UK adults (>18 years of age) conducted between 7-21 April, 2008. RESULTS: Attrition of potential participants was high in the recruitment process, although bias was minimal. Estimated proportion of participants with high dental anxiety (cut-off score = 19) was 11.6%. Dental anxiety was four times greater in the youngest age group (18-39 yrs) compared to older participants (60+ yrs), controlling for sex, social class and self-reported dental visiting behaviour confirming previous developed-world reports. CONCLUSION: The scale's psychometrics is supportive for the routine assessment of patient dental anxiety to compare against a number of major demographic groups categorised by age and sex. Dental anxiety was high in younger compared to older people.
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In the main analysis, differences between groups at baseline were adjusted for baseline health-related quality of life, modified dental anxiety scale score, education level, Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile, benefits receipt status, and dental site.
“In the main analysis the differences between groups at baseline was adjusted for various characteristics: baseline health- related quality of life (in the QALY equation), modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS) score [25], education level, Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) quintile of the patients' home postcode (as per the published English indices of deprivation, 2019 (https:// www. gov. uk/ go”
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- Authors
- Humphris, G. M., Dyer, T. A., & Robinson, P. G.
- Affiliations
- University of St Andrews (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Humphris, Gerry M
- Venue
- BMC Oral Health
- Published
- 2009-08-26
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20-20
- ISSN
- 1472-6831 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2743651
- OpenAlex
- W2024852213
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Oral Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Oral Surgery › Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Keywords
- Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, dental anxiety, psychometric validation, reference values, age differences, anxiety screening, questionnaire reliability and validity, general population, young adults, older adults
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