Cited by 223Innovations in Medical EducationClinical Reasoning and Diagnostic SkillsSurgical Simulation and Training

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The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of clinical skills

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Duvivier, Robbert J, van Dalen, Jan, Muijtjens, Arno M, Moulaert, Véronique RMP, van der Vleuten, Cees PM, Scherpbier, Albert JJA·2011·BMC Medical Education

DOI 10.1186/1472-6920-11-101PMC PMC3293754

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The role of deliberate practice in medical students' development from novice to expert was examined for preclinical skill training. METHODS: Students in years 1-3 completed 34 Likert type items, adapted from a questionnaire about the use of deliberate practice in cognitive learning. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were used to validate the questionnaire. Analysis of variance examined differences between years and regression analysis the relationship between deliberate practice and skill test results. RESULTS: 875 students participated (90%). Factor analysis yielded four factors: planning, concentration/dedication, repetition/revision, study style/self reflection. Student scores on 'Planning' increased over time, score on sub-scale 'repetition/revision' decreased. Student results on the clinical skill test correlated positively with scores on subscales 'planning' and 'concentration/dedication' in years 1 and 3, and with scores on subscale 'repetition/revision' in year 1. CONCLUSIONS: The positive effects on test results suggest that the role of deliberate practice in medical education merits further study. The cross-sectional design is a limitation, the large representative sample a strength of the study. The vanishing effect of repetition/revision may be attributable to inadequate feedback. Deliberate practice advocates sustained practice to address weaknesses, identified by (self-)assessment and stimulated by feedback. Further studies should use a longitudinal prospective design and extend the scope to expertise development during residency and beyond.

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The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance
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“For training Ericsson introduced the concept of “deliberate practice”, characterising training as a highly structured activity explicitly directed at improvement of performance in a particular domain [6].”
Background
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“Exactly how the use of the principles of deliberate practice can contribute to the development from novice to expert during undergraduate medical training and beyond remains unclear, although there is evidence that deliberate practice leads to effective performance with high-fidelity medical simulators [14,15].”
Background
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“Ericsson discussed the use of deliberate practice in medicine, but his theoretical examples were limited to clinical performance of qualified doctors [12,13].”
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Authors: Duvivier, R. J., van Dalen, J., Muijtjens, A. M., Moulaert, V. R., van der Vleuten, C. P., & Scherpbier, A. J.
Affiliations: Maastricht University (NL)
Adelante (NL)
Corresponding author: Duvivier, Robbert J
ORCID: Duvivier, Robbert J
Muijtjens, Arno M
Scherpbier, Albert JJA
Venue: BMC Medical Education
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2011-12
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 101-101
ISSN: 1472-6920 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6920-11-101
PMC: PMC3293754
OpenAlex: W2097623694
Cited by: 223
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 9.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 (tdm)
Locations: BMC Medical Education (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Universiteit Maastricht
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Innovations in Medical Education
Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Surgical Simulation and Training
Keywords: deliberate practice, clinical skills acquisition, medical students, novice to expert development, self-assessment, feedback, planning, learning styles, self-reflection
MeSH terms: Adult, Clinical Competence, Competency-Based Education, Cross-Sectional Studies, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Educational Measurement, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Motivation, Practice, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schools, Medical, Students, Medical, Young Adult

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