Ownership and usage of mosquito nets after four years of large-scale free distribution in Papua New Guinea

Hetzel, Manuel W; Gideon, Gibson; Lote, Namarola; Makita, Leo; Siba, Peter M; Mueller, Ivo

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-192

Cited by 98Malaria Research and ControlGlobal Maternal and Child HealthPoverty, Education, and Child Welfare

Ownership and usage of mosquito nets after four years of large-scale free distribution in Papua New Guinea

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Hetzel, Manuel W, Gideon, Gibson, Lote, Namarola, Makita, Leo, Siba, Peter M, Mueller, Ivo·2012·Malaria Journal

DOI 10.1186/1475-2875-11-192PMC PMC3422192

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a highly malaria endemic country in the South-West Pacific with a population of approximately 6.6 million (2009). In 2004, the country intensified its malaria control activities with support from the Global Fund. With the aim of achieving 80% ownership and usage, a country-wide campaign distributed two million free long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). METHODS: In order to evaluate outcomes of the campaign against programme targets, a country-wide household survey based on stratified multi-stage random sampling was carried out in 17 of the 20 provinces after the campaign in 2008/09. In addition, a before-after assessment was carried out in six purposively selected sentinel sites. A structured questionnaire was administered to the heads of sampled households to elicit net ownership and usage information. RESULTS: After the campaign, 64.6% of households owned a LLIN, 80.1% any type of mosquito net. Overall usage by household members amounted to 32.5% for LLINs and 44.3% for nets in general. Amongst children under five years, 39.5% used a LLIN and 51.8% any type of net, whereas 41.3% of pregnant women used a LLIN and 56.1% any net. Accessibility of villages was the key determinant of net ownership, while usage was mainly determined by ownership. Most (99.5%) of the household members who did not sleep under a net did not have access to a (unused) net in their household. In the sentinel sites, LLIN ownership increased from 9.4% to 88.7%, ownership of any net from 52.7% to 94.1%. Usage of LLINs increased from 5.5% to 55.1%, usage of any net from 37.3% to 66.7%. Among children under five years, usage of LLINs and of nets in general increased from 8.2% to 67.0% and from 44.6% to 76.1%, respectively (all p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: While a single round of free distribution of LLINs significantly increased net ownership, an insufficient number of nets coupled with a heterogeneous distribution led to overall low usage rates. Programme targets were missed mainly as a result of the distribution mechanism itself and operational constraints in this very challenging setting.

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The lower prevalence of malaria in pregnant women was probably due to intensified malaria control strategies during the study period.
“In addition, the prevalence of malaria in pregnant women was lower than previously observed [28, 36], probably because of the intensified malaria control strategies during the study period [49, 50].”
From Accuracy of an HRP-2/panLDH rapid diagnostic test to detect peripheral and placental Plasmodium falciparum infection in Papua New Guinean women with anaemia or suspected malaria (2015) · cites this paper as [49]

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Additional file 1 of The role of ideation on the effect of an SBC intervention on consistent bed net use among caregivers of children under 5 years in Nigeria: a multilevel mediation analysis
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Additional file 1 of Coverage, determinants of use and repurposing of long-lasting insecticidal nets two years after a mass distribution in Lihir Islands, Papua New Guinea: a cross-sectional study
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Additional file 1 of Impact of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying on self-reported malaria prevalence among women of reproductive age in Ghana: implication for malaria control and elimination
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Additional file 1 of Long lasting insecticidal mosquito nets (LLINs) ownership, use and coverage following mass distribution campaign in Lake Victoria basin, Western Kenya
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Additional file 2 of Coverage, determinants of use and repurposing of long-lasting insecticidal nets two years after a mass distribution in Lihir Islands, Papua New Guinea: a cross-sectional study
Millat-Martínez, P., Gabong, R., Balanza, N., Luana, S., Sanz, S., Raulo, S., Elizah, A., Wali, C., Paivu, B., Dalmas, J., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15109932
Additional file 2 of Long lasting insecticidal mosquito nets (LLINs) ownership, use and coverage following mass distribution campaign in Lake Victoria basin, Western Kenya
NG'ANG'A, P. N., Aduogo, P., & Mutero, C. M. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14722271
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Authors: Hetzel, M. W., Gideon, G., Lote, N., Makita, L., Siba, P. M., & Mueller, I.
Affiliations: The University of Queensland (AU)
Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research (PG)
National Department of Health (PG)
Corresponding author: Hetzel, Manuel W
ORCID: Hetzel, Manuel W
Siba, Peter M
Venue: Malaria Journal
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2012-06-10
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 192-192
ISSN: 1475-2875 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-192
PMC: PMC3422192
OpenAlex: W2055077703
Cited by: 98
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 6.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 (tdm)
Locations: Malaria Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
Social Sciences › Safety Research › Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
Keywords: long-lasting insecticidal nets, malaria control, Papua New Guinea, children under five, pregnant women, operational constraints, Global Fund, sentinel sites, household surveys
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Services Research, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Mosquito Control, Ownership, Papua New Guinea, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Mosquito Nets

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Ownership and usage of mosquito nets after four years of large-scale free distribution in Papua New Guinea

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