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Increased malaria transmission around irrigation schemes in Ethiopia and the potential of canal water management for malaria vector control
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Irrigation schemes have been blamed for the increase in malaria in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. However, proper water management could help mitigate malaria around irrigation schemes in this region. This study investigates the link between irrigation and malaria in Central Ethiopia. METHODS: Larval and adult mosquitoes were collected fortnightly between November 2009 and October 2010 from two irrigated and two non-irrigated (control) villages in the Ziway area, Central Ethiopia. Daily canal water releases were recorded during the study period and bi-weekly correlation analysis was done to determine relationships between canal water releases and larval/adult vector densities. Blood meal sources (bovine vs human) and malaria sporozoite infection were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Monthly malaria data were also collected from central health centre of the study villages. RESULTS: Monthly malaria incidence was over six-fold higher in the irrigated villages than the non-irrigated villages. The number of anopheline breeding habitats was 3.6 times higher in the irrigated villages than the non-irrigated villages and the most common Anopheles mosquito breeding habitats were waterlogged field puddles, leakage pools from irrigation canals and poorly functioning irrigation canals. Larval and adult anopheline densities were seven- and nine-fold higher in the irrigated villages than in the non-irrigated villages, respectively, during the study period. Anopheles arabiensis was the predominant species in the study area. Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite rates of An. arabiensis and Anopheles pharoensis were significantly higher in the irrigated villages than the non-irrigated villages. The annual entomological inoculation rate (EIR) calculated for the irrigated and non-irrigated villages were 34.8 and 0.25 P. falciparum infective bites per person per year, respectively. A strong positive correlation was found between bi-weekly anopheline larval density and canal water releases. Similarly, there was a strong positive correlation between bi-weekly vector density and canal water releases lagged by two weeks. Furthermore, monthly malaria incidence was strongly correlated with monthly vector density lagged by a month in the irrigated villages. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that the irrigation schemes resulted in intensified malaria transmission due to poor canal water management. Proper canal water management could reduce vector abundance and malaria transmission in the irrigated villages.
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“In past studies, the association has been chiefly demonstrated by statistical relationships based on field observations (Haileselassie et al., 2021; Kibret et al., 2014; Ondeto et al., 2022).”
From Investigating the Impact of Irrigation on Malaria Vector Larval Habitats and Transmission Using a Hydrology‐Based Model (2023) · cites this paper as Kibret et al., 2014
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“Studies have shown that irrigation can extend malaria transmission throughout the year due to water availability for breeding in the dry season (Kibret et al., 2014).”
From Investigating the Impact of Irrigation on Malaria Vector Larval Habitats and Transmission Using a Hydrology‐Based Model (2023) · cites this paper as Kibret et al., 2014
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Kibret, S., Wilson, G. G., Tekie, H., & Petros, B.
- Affiliations
- University of New England (AU)
- Addis Ababa University (ET)
- Corresponding author
- Kibret, Solomon
- Venue
- Malaria Journal
- Published
- 2014-09-13
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 360-360
- ISSN
- 1475-2875 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4182787
- OpenAlex
- W2106862040
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 6.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Malaria Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Addis Ababa University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
- Keywords
- malaria transmission, irrigation projects, malaria vector control, Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles pharoensis, Plasmodium falciparum, sporozoite infection, entomological inoculation rate, blood meal sources, Central Ethiopia
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Ethiopia, Humans, Insect Vectors, Larva, Malaria, Mosquito Control, Culicidae, Retrospective Studies, Water, Incidence, Agricultural Irrigation
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