Evidence for a role of Anopheles stephensi in the spread of drug- and diagnosis-resistant malaria in Africa
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Abstract
Anopheles stephensi , an Asian malaria vector, continues to expand across Africa. The vector is now firmly established in urban settings in the Horn of Africa. Its presence in areas where malaria resurged suggested a possible role in causing malaria outbreaks. Here, using a prospective case–control design, we investigated the role of An. stephensi in transmission following a malaria outbreak in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia in April–July 2022. Screening contacts of patients with malaria and febrile controls revealed spatial clustering of Plasmodium falciparum infections around patients with malaria in strong association with the presence of An. stephensi in the household vicinity . Plasmodium sporozoites were detected in these mosquitoes. This outbreak involved clonal propagation of parasites with molecular signatures of artemisinin and diagnostic resistance. To our knowledge, this study provides the strongest evidence so far for a role of An. stephensi in driving an urban malaria outbreak in Africa, highlighting the major public health threat posed by this fast-spreading mosquito.
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Due to its potential to drive malaria outbreaks, An. stephensi surveillance has received increased attention in areas of potential invasion.
“Due to its potential to drive malaria outbreaks [67, 70], An. stephensi surveillance has received increased attention in areas of potential invasion.”
From Sibling species of the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae display divergent preferences for aquatic breeding sites in southern Nigeria (2024) · cites this paper as [70]
The presence of An. stephensi is connected to malaria outbreaks in Djibouti City, Djibouti and Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
“The connection between the presence of An. stephensi and malaria outbreaks in Djibouti City, Djibouti [4] and Dire Dawa, Ethiopia [5] heightens the need to track the spread of this invasive species.”
From Sequencing confirms Anopheles stephensi distribution across southern Yemen (2024) · cites this paper as [5]
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“Due to its potential to drive malaria outbreaks [67, 70], An. stephensi surveillance has received increased attention in areas of potential invasion.”
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Resurgence of Clinical Malaria in Ethiopia and Its Link to Anopheles stephensi Invasion
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Self-citationClimate change and contagion: the emerging threat of zoonotic diseases in Africa
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Vectorial drivers of malaria transmission in Jabi Tehnan district, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
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Self-citationManaging vector-borne diseases in a geoAI-enabled society. Malaria as an example
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Self-citationSequencing confirms Anopheles stephensi distribution across southern Yemen
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Self-citationThe Domestic Consequences of Defunding Global Health
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A six years trend analysis of malaria prevalence in Central Ethiopia Region
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Polygenic scores for genomic surveillance of insecticide resistance in malaria control
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- Authors
- Emiru, T., Getachew, D., Murphy, M., Sedda, L., Ejigu, L. A., Bulto, M. G., Byrne, I., Demisse, M., Abdo, M., Chali, W., Elliott, A., Vickers, E. N., Aranda-Díaz, A., Alemayehu, L., Behaksera, S. W., Jebessa, G., Dinka, H., Tsegaye, T., Teka, H., Chibsa, S., Mumba, P., Girma, S., Hwang, J., Yoshimizu, M., Sutcliffe, A., Taffese, H. S., Bayissa, G. A., Zohdy, S., Tongren, J. E., Drakeley, C., Greenhouse, B., Bousema, T., & Tadesse, F. G.
- Affiliations
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute (ET)
- Adama Science and Technology University (ET)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Lancaster University (GB)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- United States Agency for International Development (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Federal Ministry of Health (ET)
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Tadesse, Fitsum G.
- ORCID
- Emiru, Tadele
- Getachew, Dejene
- Murphy, Maxwell
- Sedda, Luigi
- Ejigu, Legesse Alamerie
- Bulto, Mikiyas Gebremichael
- Byrne, Isabel
- Demisse, Mulugeta
- Chali, Wakweya
- Elliott, Aaron
- Vickers, Eric Neubauer
- Aranda-Díaz, Andrés
- Alemayehu, Lina
- Dinka, Hunduma
- Teka, Hiwot
- Mumba, Peter
- Girma, Samuel
- Hwang, Jimee
- Sutcliffe, Alice
- Taffese, Hiwot Solomon
- Zohdy, Sarah
- Tongren, Jon Eric
- Drakeley, Chris
- Greenhouse, Bryan
- Bousema, Teun
- Tadesse, Fitsum G.
- Venue
- Nature Medicine
- Published
- 2023-10-26
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3203-3211
- ISSN
- 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-170X
- PMC
- PMC10719088
- OpenAlex
- W4387956265
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 7
- FWCI
- 41.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-005898, 005898, INV-035257)
- Wellcome Trust (102348, 220870/Z/20/Z, 226350)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (220870/Z/20/Z)
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (09150182210039)
- National Institutes of Health
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K24AI144048)
- H2020 European Research Council (864180)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bird parasitology and diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Keywords
- Anopheles stephensi, malaria transmission, Plasmodium falciparum, artemisinin resistance, malaria outbreak, urban malaria, vector range expansion, sporozoites, Dire Dawa
- MeSH terms
- Mosquito Vectors, Animals, Anopheles, Ethiopia, Humans, Malaria, Malaria, Falciparum
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