Cited by 163Malaria Research and ControlBird parasitology and diseasesMosquito-borne diseases and control

Evidence for a role of Anopheles stephensi in the spread of drug- and diagnosis-resistant malaria in Africa

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Emiru, Tadele, Getachew, Dejene, Murphy, Maxwell, Sedda, Luigi, Ejigu, Legesse Alamerie, Bulto, Mikiyas Gebremichael, Byrne, Isabel, Demisse, Mulugeta +25 more·2023·Nature Medicine

Published version of a preprint

Abstract

Anopheles stephensi , an Asian malaria vector, continues to expand across Africa. The vector is now firmly established in urban settings in the Horn of Africa. Its presence in areas where malaria resurged suggested a possible role in causing malaria outbreaks. Here, using a prospective case–control design, we investigated the role of An. stephensi in transmission following a malaria outbreak in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia in April–July 2022. Screening contacts of patients with malaria and febrile controls revealed spatial clustering of Plasmodium falciparum infections around patients with malaria in strong association with the presence of An. stephensi in the household vicinity . Plasmodium sporozoites were detected in these mosquitoes. This outbreak involved clonal propagation of parasites with molecular signatures of artemisinin and diagnostic resistance. To our knowledge, this study provides the strongest evidence so far for a role of An. stephensi in driving an urban malaria outbreak in Africa, highlighting the major public health threat posed by this fast-spreading mosquito.

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  1. [72]Goldstein, H. & Browne, W. in Contemporary Psychometrics (eds Maydeu-Olivares, A. & McArdle, J. J.) Ch. 14 (Taylor & Francis Group, 2005).
  2. [73]Burnham, K. P. & Anderson, D. R. (eds) Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach 2nd edn (Springer, 2002).

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Authors
Emiru, T., Getachew, D., Murphy, M., Sedda, L., Ejigu, L. A., Bulto, M. G., Byrne, I., Demisse, M., Abdo, M., Chali, W., Elliott, A., Vickers, E. N., Aranda-Díaz, A., Alemayehu, L., Behaksera, S. W., Jebessa, G., Dinka, H., Tsegaye, T., Teka, H., Chibsa, S., Mumba, P., Girma, S., Hwang, J., Yoshimizu, M., Sutcliffe, A., Taffese, H. S., Bayissa, G. A., Zohdy, S., Tongren, J. E., Drakeley, C., Greenhouse, B., Bousema, T., & Tadesse, F. G.
Affiliations
  • Armauer Hansen Research Institute (ET)
  • Adama Science and Technology University (ET)
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • Lancaster University (GB)
  • London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
  • Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
  • United States Agency for International Development (US)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
  • Federal Ministry of Health (ET)
  • Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
Corresponding author
Tadesse, Fitsum G.
Venue
Nature Medicine
Published
2023-10-26
Volume
29
Issue
12
Pages
3203-3211
ISSN
  • 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
  • 1546-170X
OpenAlex
W4387956265
Cited by
162
References
71
Citations by year
2026: 39 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 7
FWCI
41.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
  • LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (submittedVersion)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
  • Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-005898, 005898, INV-035257)
  • Wellcome Trust (102348, 220870/Z/20/Z, 226350)
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research (220870/Z/20/Z)
  • Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (09150182210039)
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K24AI144048)
  • H2020 European Research Council (864180)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bird parasitology and diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
Keywords
Anopheles stephensi, malaria transmission, Plasmodium falciparum, artemisinin resistance, malaria outbreak, urban malaria, vector range expansion, sporozoites, Dire Dawa
MeSH terms
Mosquito Vectors, Animals, Anopheles, Ethiopia, Humans, Malaria, Malaria, Falciparum

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