CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 64Antibiotic Resistance in BacteriaEscherichia coli research studiesUrinary Tract Infections Management

Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in a Libyan community

Open access
Ahmed, Salwa, Ali, Mostafa Mohamed M, Mohamed, Zienat, Moussa, Tarek A, Klena, John D·2014·Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials
DOI 10.1186/1476-0711-13-22PMC PMC4107601
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), including the AmpC type, are important mechanisms of resistance among Enterobacteriaeceae. CTX-M type extended-spectrum β- lactamases, of which there are now over 90 variants, are distributed globally, yet appear to vary in regional distribution. AmpC β-lactamases hydrolyze third generation cephalosporins, but are resistant to inhibition by clavulanate or other β-lactamase inhibitors in vitro. Fecal carriage and rates of colonization by bacteria harboring these resistance mechanisms have been reported in patients with community-acquired infections and in healthy members of their households. Expression of these ESBLs compromises the efficacy of current antibacterial therapies, potentially increasing the seriousness of hospital- and community-acquired Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections.To investigate the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in human fecal flora isolated from two pediatric populations residing in the Libyan cities Zleiten and Abou El Khoms. Isolates were further studied to characterize genes encoding β-lactam resistance, and establish genetic relationships. METHODS: Antibiotic resistance profiles of phenotypically characterized E. coli isolates recovered from the stools of 243 Libyan children during two surveillance periods in 2001 and 2007 were determined by the disk diffusion method. ESBL-screening was performed using the cephalosporin/clavulanate double synergy disc method, and the AmpC-phenotype was confirmed by the aminophenyl-boronic acid test. ESBL genes were molecularly characterized. Phylogenetic group and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were determined for ESBL-producing isolates and PFGE was performed to compare banding profiles of some dominant strains. RESULTS: ESBLs were identified in 13.4% (18/134) of E. coli isolates, and nine isolates (6.7%) demonstrated AmpC activity; all 18 isolates contained a CTX-M gene. Three CTX-M gene families (CTX-M-1, n=9; CTX-M-15, n=8 and CTX-M-3, n=1) were distributed in diverse E. coli backgrounds (phylogenetic group D, 39%; B2, 28%; B1, 22% and A, 11%). MLST analysis revealed 14 sequence type (ST) with six new sequence types. The gene encoding the CMY-2 enzyme was detected in five AmpC-positive E. coli. CONCLUSIONS: These results identified heterogeneous clones of CTX-M-producing E. coli in the fecal isolates, indicating that the intestinal tract acts as a reservoir for ESBL-producing organisms, and a trafficker of antibiotic resistance genes.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/1476-0711-13-22

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Because ESBL-E stool carriage persists for a variable length of time, the study population may have acquired ESBL-E during pregnancy that then persisted up to delivery and the post-partum period, reflecting community-acquired antimicrobial resistance genes rather than healthcare-associated acquisition.

    “Because ESBL-E stool carriage persists for a variable length of time (Ahmed et al., 2014), the study population may have acquired ESBL-E during pregnancy that then persisted up to delivery and the post-partum period, reflecting community-acquired antimicrobial resistance genes rather than healthcare-associated acquisition.”

    From Maternal colonization or infection with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Ahmed et al., 2014

    Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Kader AA Kumar A Kamath KA Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum b-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients and asymptomatic healthy individuals Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007 28 1114 1116 17932839

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Ahmed, S., Ali, M. M. M., Mohamed, Z., Moussa, T. A., & Klena, J. D.
Affiliations
  • Naval Medical Research Unit EURAFCENT (EG)
  • University of Tripoli (LY)
  • Cairo University (EG)
Corresponding author
Ahmed, Salwa
ORCID
Venue
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2014
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
22
ISSN
1476-0711 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1476-0711-13-22
PMC
PMC4107601
OpenAlex
W2160170704
Semantic Scholar
3bf060d729da6b585ef9c49f9eeef9959c1eb099
Cited by
64
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
FWCI
3.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
  • Office of Naval Research
  • Naval Medical Research Unit—3
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Escherichia coli research studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Urinary Tract Infections Management
Keywords
extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, AmpC beta-lactamase, Escherichia coli, CTX-M, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-3, fecal carriage, antimicrobial resistance, phylogenetic groups, multilocus sequence typing, molecular epidemiology, clavulanic acid
MeSH terms
beta-Lactamases, Carrier State, Child, Child, Preschool, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Infections, Feces, Female, Genotype, Humans, Libya, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Prevalence, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Community-Acquired Infections, Molecular Epidemiology, Multilocus Sequence Typing

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review