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Measuring outcomes in allergic rhinitis: psychometric characteristics of a Spanish version of the congestion quantifier seven-item test (CQ7)
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: No control tools for nasal congestion (NC) are currently available in Spanish. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Congestion Quantifier Seven Item Test (CQ7) for Spain. METHODS: CQ7 was adapted from English following international guidelines. The instrument was validated in an observational, prospective study in allergic rhinitis patients with NC (N = 166) and a control group without NC (N = 35). Participants completed the CQ7, MOS sleep questionnaire, and a measure of psychological well-being (PGWBI). Clinical data included NC severity rating, acoustic rhinometry, and total symptom score (TSS). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was tested by examining correlations with other outcome measures and ability to discriminate between groups classified by NC severity. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed using Area under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUC) and responsiveness over time using effect sizes (ES). RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha for the CQ7 was 0.92, and the ICC was 0.81, indicating good reliability. CQ7 correlated most strongly with the TSS (r = 0.60, p < 0.01), the PGWBI general health dimension (r = 0.56, p < 0.01), and the MOS Sleep scale 'sleep short of breath' dimension (r = 0.49, p < 0.01). Correlations with acoustic rhinometry were generally low. The instrument discriminated well between NC severity groups (ES 0.33-2.07) and AUC was 0.93, indicating excellent sensitivity and specificity. The measure was responsive to change (ES = 1.1) in patients reporting improvement in NC. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the CQ7 is appropriate for detecting, measuring, and monitoring NC in allergic rhinitis patients.
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“It has been translated into Spanish and validated. It discriminates well between degrees of severity of nasal congestion and is suitable for detecting, measuring, and monitoring NO [36].”
From Position Paper on Nasal Obstruction: Evaluation and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
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“Some studies show a good correlation between the degree of NO determined using a validated questionnaire (CQ7) and specific QOL parameters in patients with AR [36].”
From Position Paper on Nasal Obstruction: Evaluation and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
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“Other questionnaires not specifically designed to assess obstruction, such as NOSE [35] and CQ7 [36], also address QOL-related issues.”
From Position Paper on Nasal Obstruction: Evaluation and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
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“The QOL questionnaires most used in AR (Table 4 [35,36,86,104-112]) are the RQLQ (validated in Spanish [109]) and the ESPRINT (Spanish QOL questionnaire for rhinitis)”
From Position Paper on Nasal Obstruction: Evaluation and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
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References 13 · Cited by 13
Research works printed but not linked: 7
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- 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00201.x · DOI · Paper page
- 10.2500/aap.2008.29.3119 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1067/mai.2001.118891 · DOI · Paper page
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Metadata
- Authors
- Valero, A., Mullol, J., Herdman, M., Rosales, M.-J., & Spanish CQ7 Study Group
- Affiliations
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (ES)
- Municipal Institute for Medical Research (ES)
- MSD (Spain) (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Valero, Antonio
- Venue
- Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14
- ISSN
- 1477-7525 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3063809
- OpenAlex
- W2109341135
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Keywords
- allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion, Spanish adaptation, psychometric validation, patient-reported outcomes, total symptom score, psychological well-being, acoustic rhinometry, responsiveness to change
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Spain, Reproducibility of Results, Nasal Obstruction
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