Cited by 3,370Physical Activity and HealthCardiovascular and exercise physiologyContext-Aware Activity Recognition Systems

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Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review

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Lee, Paul H, Macfarlane, Duncan J, Lam, TH, Stewart, Sunita M·2011·International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

DOI 10.1186/1479-5868-8-115PMC PMC3214824

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Abstract

Background: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF) has been recommended as a cost-effective method to assess physical activity. Several studies validating the IPAQ-SF have been conducted with differing results, but no systematic review of these studies has been reported. Methods: The keywords "IPAQ", "validation", and "validity" were searched in PubMed and Scopus. Studies published in English that validated the IPAQ-SF against an objective physical activity measuring device, doubly labeled water, or an objective fitness measure were included. Results: Twenty-three validation studies were included in this review. There was a great deal of variability in the methods used across studies, but the results were largely similar. Correlations between the total physical activity level measured by the IPAQ-SF and objective standards ranged from 0.09 to 0.39; none reached the minimal acceptable standard in the literature (0.50 for objective activity measuring devices, 0.40 for fitness measures). Correlations between sections of the IPAQ-SF for vigorous activity or moderate activity level/walking and an objective standard showed even greater variability (-0.18 to 0.76), yet several reached the minimal acceptable standard. Only six studies provided comparisons between physical activity levels derived from the IPAQ-SF and those obtained from objective criterion. In most studies the IPAQ-SF overestimated physical activity level by 36 to 173 percent; one study underestimated by 28 percent. Conclusions: The correlation between the IPAQ-SF and objective measures of activity or fitness in the large majority of studies was lower than the acceptable standard. Furthermore, the IPAQ-SF typically overestimated physical activity as measured by objective criterion by an average of 84 percent. Hence, the evidence to support the use of the IPAQ-SF as an indicator of relative or absolute physical activity is weak.

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Authors: Lee, P. H., Macfarlane, D. J., Lam, T., & Stewart, S. M.
Affiliations: University of Hong Kong (HK)
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Lam, TH
ORCID: Lee, Paul H
Macfarlane, Duncan J
Lam, TH
Stewart, Sunita M
Venue: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2011-10-21
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
Pages: 115-115
ISSN: 1479-5868 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-115
PMC: PMC3214824
OpenAlex: W2155827104
Cited by: 3,370
References: 58
Citations by year: 2026: 372 · 2025: 431 · 2024: 444 · 2023: 380 · 2022: 380 · 2021: 337 · 2020: 275 · 2019: 169 · 2018: 143 · 2017: 116 · 2016: 107 · 2015: 81 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 47 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 4.42
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
Keywords: IPAQ-SF, physical activity measurement, questionnaire validity, self-reported physical activity, doubly labeled water, fitness measures, overestimation of physical activity, vigorous activity, walking
MeSH terms: Physical Exertion, Humans, Physical Fitness, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Exercise, Walking, Validation Studies as Topic

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Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review

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