The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorders
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: The neurobiological basis for autism remains poorly understood. However, research suggests that environmentalfactors and neuroinflammation, as well as genetic factors, are contributors. This study aims to test the role that might be played by heat shock protein (HSP)70, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, Caspase 7 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)in the pathophysiology of autism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HSP70, TGF-β2, Caspase 7 and INF-γ as biochemical parameters related to inflammation were determined in plasma of 20 Saudi autistic male patients and compared to 19 age- and gender-matched control samples. RESULTS: The obtained data recorded that Saudi autistic patients have remarkably higher plasma HSP70, TGF-β2, Caspase 7 and INF-γ compared to age and gender-matched controls. INF-γ recorded the highest (67.8%) while TGF-β recorded the lowest increase (49.04%). Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis together with predictiveness diagrams proved that the measured parameters recorded satisfactory levels of specificity and sensitivity and all could be used as predictive biomarkers. CONCLUSION: Alteration of the selected parameters confirm the role of neuroinflammation and apoptosis mechanisms in the etiology of autism together with the possibility of the use of HSP70, TGF-β2, Caspase 7 and INF-γ as predictive biomarkers that could be used to predict safety, efficacy of a specific suggested therapy or natural supplements, thereby providing guidance in selecting it for patients or tailoring its dose.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism
Vargas, D. L., Nascimbene, C., Krishnan, C., Zimmerman, A. W., & Pardo, C. A. (2005) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20315 · Cited by 2,149 · cited 3×
“A number of studies have also shown that inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interferon (IFN) γ, IL1, IL6, IL8 and IL12, are elevated in blood mononuclear cells, serum, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of autistic subjects [2-8].”
BackgroundAdvances in autism genetics: on the threshold of a new neurobiology
Abrahams, B. S., & Geschwind, D. H. (2008) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2346 · Cited by 1,866
Elevated cytokine levels in children with autism spectrum disorder
Molloy, C. A., Morrow, A. L., Meinzen-Derr, J., Schleifer, K., Dienger, K., Manning-Courtney, P., Altaye, M., & Wills-Karp, M. (2006) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.11.007 · Cited by 386
Immune transcriptome alterations in the temporal cortex of subjects with autism
Garbett, K., Ebert, P. J., Mitchell, A., Lintas, C., Manzi, B., Mirnics, K., & Persico, A. M. (2008) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2008.01.012 · Cited by 375 · cited 8×
“The reported elevation of IFNγ could support the previous work of Molloy et al. [5] tic group. showing that PBMNC of autistic children produce remarkably high levels of Il-12 and IFN-γ, or express higher than normal levels of mRNA for IFN-γ [39] and the most recent work of Tostes et al. [40] that plasma levels of vaso…”
ResultInfluentialAshwood, P., & Wakefield, A. J. (2006) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.12.007 · Cited by 202 · cited 1×
“A number of studies have also shown that inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interferon (IFN) γ, IL1, IL6, IL8 and IL12, are elevated in blood mononuclear cells, serum, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of autistic subjects [2-8].”
Background
Cited by
Cytokine aberrations in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Masi, A., Quintana, D. S., Glozier, N., Lloyd, A. R., Hickie, I. B., & Guastella, A. J. (2015) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2014.59 · Cited by 466
Sulforaphane treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Singh, K., Connors, S. L., Macklin, E. A., Smith, K. D., Fahey, J. W., Talalay, P., & Zimmerman, A. W. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1416940111 · Cited by 449
Inflammation and Neuro-Immune Dysregulations in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Siniscalco, D., Schultz, S., Brigida, A. L., & Antonucci, N. (2018) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph11020056 · Cited by 293
Allen, J. L., Oberdorster, G., Morris-Schaffer, K., Wong, C., Klocke, C., Sobolewski, M., Conrad, K., Mayer-Proschel, M., & Cory-Slechta, D. A. (2017) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.014 · Cited by 241
Nousen, E. K., Franco, J. G., & Sullivan, E. L. (2013) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000355632 · Cited by 123
Metadata
- Authors
- El-Ansary, A., & Al-Ayadhi, L.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroinflammation
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 265-265
- ISSN
- 1742-2094 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2142376155
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 5.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorders. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1186/1742-2094-9-265
- The paper
- El-Ansary, A., & Al-Ayadhi, L. (2012). Neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Neuroinflammation. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-2094-9-265
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
