Association of cytomegalovirus and other pathogens with frailty and diabetes mellitus, but not with cardiovascular disease and mortality in psycho-geriatric patients; a prospective cohort study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Studies about associations of infections with herpes viruses and other pathogens, such as Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) with cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), frailty and/or mortality are conflicting. Since high levels of antibodies against these pathogens occur in the elderly, the role of these pathogens in morbidity and mortality of vulnerable elderly was explored. RESULTS: Blood samples of 295 community dwelling psycho-geriatric patients were tested for IgG antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpes virus type 6 (HHV6), CP and HP. Frailty was defined with an easy-to-use previously described frailty risk score. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate associations between CVD, DM, frailty and pathogens. Pathogens as a predictor for subsequent mortality were tested using Kaplan Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazard models. The mean age was 78 (SD: 6.7) years, 20% died, 44% were defined as frail, 20% had DM and 49% had CVD. Presence of CMV antibody titers was associated with frailty, as shown by using both qualitative and quantitative tests, RR ratio 1.4 (95% CI: 1.003-2.16) and RR ratio 1.5 (95% CI: 1.06-2.30), respectively. High IgG antibody titers of HHV6 and EBV were associated with DM, RR ratio 3.3 (95% CI: 1.57-6.49). None of the single or combined pathogens were significantly associated with mortality and/or CVD. CONCLUSIONS: Prior CMV infection is associated with frailty, which could be in line with the concept that CMV might have an important role in immunosenescence, while high IgG titers of HHV6 and EBV are associated with DM. No association between a high pathogen burden and morbidity and/or mortality could be demonstrated.
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Cytomegalovirus infection has been directly linked with increased inflammatory activity, poor responses to vaccination, frailty, accelerated cognitive decline, and early mortality.
“These changes are largely driven by infection with Cytomegalovirus, which has been directly linked with increased inflammatory activity, poor responses to vaccination, frailty, accelerated cognitive decline, and early mortality.”
From Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise? (2016) · cites this paper as Haeseker et al. 2013
Many features of an ageing immune system appear to be driven by CMV, and infection with this virus alone has since been associated with frailty, cognitive impairment, poor responses to vaccination in young and elderly individuals, and ultimately earlier mortality.
“Indeed many features of an ageing immune system appear to be driven by CMV, and infection with this virus alone has since been associated with frailty (Haeseker et al. 2013), cognitive impairment (Gow et al. 2013), poor responses to vaccination in young and elderly individuals (Derhovanessian et al. 2012; Frasca et al. 2015; Moro-Garcia et al. 2012; Turner et al. 2014b; Wald et al. 2013), and”
From Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime “dose” of exercise? (2016) · cites this paper as Haeseker et al. 2013
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References 31 · Cited by 46
- Authors
- Haeseker, M. B., Pijpers, E., Dukers-Muijrers, N. H., Nelemans, P., Hoebe, C. J., Bruggeman, C. A., Verbon, A., & Goossens, V. J.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Haeseker, Michiel B
- Venue
- Immunity & Ageing
- Published
- 2013-07-23
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 30-30
- ISSN
- 1742-4933 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3726516
- OpenAlex
- W2121017194
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 3.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Immunity & Ageing (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universiteit Maastricht
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Universiteit Maastricht
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Keywords
- cytomegalovirus infection, frailty, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, mortality, herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, immunosenescence, IgG antibody titers, older adults, pathogen burden
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