The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Developing clinical practice guidelines: types of evidence and outcomes; values and economics, synthesis, grading, and presentation and deriving recommendations
Open accessAbstract
Clinical practice guidelines are one of the foundations of efforts to improve healthcare. In 1999, we authored a paper about methods to develop guidelines. Since it was published, the methods of guideline development have progressed both in terms of methods and necessary procedures and the context for guideline development has changed with the emergence of guideline clearinghouses and large scale guideline production organisations (such as the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence). It therefore seems timely to, in a series of three articles, update and extend our earlier paper. In this second paper, we discuss issues of identifying and synthesizing evidence: deciding what type of evidence and outcomes to include in guidelines; integrating values into a guideline; incorporating economic considerations; synthesis, grading, and presentation of evidence; and moving from evidence to recommendations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Vist, G. E., Kunz, R., Falck-Ytter, Y., Alonso-Coello, P., & Schünemann, H. J. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.ad · Cited by 23,305
Self-citationGrading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
(2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1490 · Cited by 8,477
Self-citationAGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care
Brouwers, M. C., Kho, M. E., Browman, G. P., Burgers, J. S., Cluzeau, F., Feder, G., Fervers, B., Graham, I. D., Grimshaw, J., Hanna, S. E., et al. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.090449 · Cited by 3,790
Self-citationWhat is ‘quality of evidence’ and why is it important to clinicians?
Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Vist, G. E., Falck-Ytter, Y., & Schünemann, H. J. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39490.551019.be · Cited by 3,250
Self-citationSchünemann, H. J., Jaeschke, R., Cook, D. J., Bria, W. F., El-Solh, A. A., Ernst, A., Fahy, B. F., Gould, M. K., Horan, K. L., Krishnan, J. A., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200602-197st · Cited by 577
Self-citationUse of GRADE grid to reach decisions on clinical practice guidelines when consensus is elusive
Jaeschke, R., Guyatt, G. H., Dellinger, P., Schunemann, H., Levy, M. M., Kunz, R., Norris, S., Bion, J., & for the GRADE working group (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a744 · Cited by 577
AGREE II: Advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care
Brouwers, M. C., Kho, M. E., Browman, G. P., Burgers, J. S., Cluzeau, F., Feder, G., Fervers, B., Graham, I. D., Grimshaw, J., Hanna, S. E., et al. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.001 · Cited by 563
Self-citationScreening for Osteoporosis: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force* (2011) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-154-5-201103010-00307 · Cited by 436
Incorporating Patients' Preferences into Medical Decisions
Kassirer, J. P. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199406303302611 · Cited by 415
How to formulate research recommendations
Brown, P., Brunnhuber, K., Chalkidou, K., Chalmers, I., Clarke, M., Fenton, M., Forbes, C., Glanville, J., Hicks, N. J., Moody, J., et al. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38987.492014.94 · Cited by 381
Cited by
Dent, E., Morley, J. E., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Arai, H., Kritchevsky, S. B., Guralnik, J., Bauer, J. M., Pahor, M., Clark, B. C., Cesari, M., et al. (2018) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-018-1139-9 · Cited by 1,130
Physical Frailty: ICFSR International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Identification and Management
Dent, E., Morley, J. E., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Woodhouse, L., Rodríguez-Mañas, L., Fried, L. P., Woo, J., Aprahamian, I., Sanford, A., Lundy, J., et al. (2019) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-019-1273-z · Cited by 1,049
Munn, Z., Aromataris, E., Tufanaru, C., Stern, C., Porritt, K., Farrow, J., Lockwood, C., Stephenson, M., Moola, S., Lizarondo, L., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare · doi:10.1097/xeb.0000000000000152 · Cited by 977
Schünemann, H. J., Wiercioch, W., Etxeandia, I., Falavigna, M., Santesso, N., Mustafa, R., Ventresca, M., Brignardello-Petersen, R., Laisaar, K.-T., Kowalski, S., et al. (2014) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.131237 · Cited by 686
Self-citationThe Asia-Pacific Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Frailty
Dent, E., Lien, C., Lim, W. S., Wong, W. C., Wong, C. H., Ng, T. P., Woo, J., Dong, B., de la Vega, S., Hua Poi, P. J., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.04.018 · Cited by 631
Metadata
- Authors
- Woolf, S., Schünemann, H. J., Eccles, M. P., Grimshaw, J. M., & Shekelle, P.
- Venue
- Implementation Science
- Published
- 2012-07-04
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 61-61
- ISSN
- 1748-5908 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2132864892
- Cited by
- 232
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 9.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Developing clinical practice guidelines: types of evidence and outcomes; values and economics, synthesis, grading, and presentation and deriving recommendations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1186/1748-5908-7-61
- The paper
- Woolf, S., Schünemann, H. J., Eccles, M. P., Grimshaw, J. M., & Shekelle, P. (2012). Developing clinical practice guidelines: types of evidence and outcomes; values and economics, synthesis, grading, and presentation and deriving recommendations. Implementation Science. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-7-61
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
