Atrial fibrillation in healthy adolescents after highly caffeinated beverage consumption: two case reports
Open accessAbstract
INTRODUCTION: Energy drinks and highly caffeinated drinks comprise some of the fastest growing products of the beverage industry, often targeting teenagers and young adults. Cardiac arrhythmias in children related to high caffeine consumption have not been well described in the literature. This case series describes the possible association between the consumption of highly caffeinated drinks and the subsequent development of atrial fibrillation in the adolescent population. CASE PRESENTATIONS: We report the cases of two Caucasian adolescent boys of 14 and 16 years of age at the time of presentation, each without a significant cardiac history, who presented with palpitations or vague chest discomfort or both after a recent history of excessive caffeine consumption. Both were found to have atrial fibrillation on electrocardiogram; one patient required digoxin to restore a normal sinus rhythm, and the other self-converted after intravenous fluid administration. CONCLUSION: With the increasing popularity of energy drinks in the pediatric and adolescent population, physicians should be aware of the arrhythmogenic potential associated with highly caffeinated beverage consumption. It is important for pediatricians to understand the lack of regulation in the caffeine content and other ingredients of these high-energy beverages and their complications so that parents and children can be educated about the risk of cardiac arrhythmias with excessive energy drink consumption.
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Sports supplements containing high concentrations of caffeine and stimulants such as taurine and guarana may cause cardiac arrhythmias, including AF, after regular consumption, potentially by stimulating the autonomic system.
“Other sports supplements that contain high concentrations of caffeine and stimulants, such as taurine and guarana, may cause cardiac arrhythmias after regular consumption, including AF, potentially by stimulating the autonomic system [41,42].”
From Atrial Fibrillation in Elite Athletes: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
The Introduction and Discussion report a possible association between highly caffeinated energy drinks and atrial fibrillation in two adolescents; the Discussion also mentions chronic caffeine use in one case. The paper distinguishes energy drinks from sports drinks and does not identify taurine or guarana as causes or propose autonomic-system stimulation as the mechanism. Its Introduction describes central and peripheral nervous-system stimulation by caffeine, but that does not establish the claimed mechanism for the arrhythmias. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Knapp, J., Zylla, M. M., Schaper, A., Michalski, D., Härtwig, S., & Bernhard, M. K. (2017) · Notfall + Rettungsmedizin · doi:10.1007/s10049-017-0386-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Caffeine cardiovascular toxicity: too much of a good thing—an update
Deus, C. M., Branco, A. F., Oliveira, P. J., & Sardão, V. A. (2024) · Coffee in Health and Disease Prevention · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13868-3.00079-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Caffeine Cardiovascular Toxicity
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Atrial Fibrillation in a WPW Patient after the Consumption of Energy Drinks: A Case Report
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Atrial Fibrillation in Children
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How to Induce Arrhythmias with Caffeine?
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ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ENERGY DRINKS AND CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
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Medical Director and Toxicologist,1 and Clinical Senior Lecturer2
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- Authors
- Di Rocco, J. R., During, A., Morelli, P. J., Heyden, M., & Biancaniello, T. A.
- Affiliations
- Mount Sinai Beth Israel (US)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Morelli, Peter J
- ORCID
- Morelli, Peter J
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Case Reports
- Published
- 2011-01-19
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 18-18
- ISSN
- 1752-1947 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3038953
- OpenAlex
- W2154752334
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 6.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Case Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Keywords
- atrial fibrillation, energy drinks, caffeine, adolescents, cardiac arrhythmias, palpitations, digoxin, pediatric cardiology
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