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The Skin Prick Test—European Standards

Heinzerling, Lucie, Mari, Adriano, Bergmann, Karl‐Christian, Bresciani, Megon, Burbach, Guido, Darsow, Ulf, Durham, Stephen, Fokkens, Wytske, Gjomarkaj, Mark, Haahtela, Tari, Bom, Ana Todo, Wöhrl, Stefan, Maibach, Howard, Lockey, Richard·2013·Clinical and Translational Allergy
DOI 10.1186/2045-7022-3-3PMC PMC3565910
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Abstract

Skin prick testing is an essential test procedure to confirm sensitization in IgE‐mediated allergic disease in subjects with rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, urticaria, anapylaxis, atopic eczema and food and drug allergy. This manuscript reviews the available evidence including Medline and Embase searches, abstracts of international allergy meetings and position papers from the world allergy literature. The recommended method of prick testing includes the appropriate use of specific allergen extracts, positive and negative controls, interpretation of the tests after 15 – 20 minutes of application, with a positive result defined as a wheal ≥3 mm diameter. A standard prick test panel for Europe for inhalants is proposed and includes hazel ( Corylus avellana ), alder ( Alnus incana ), birch ( Betula alba ), plane ( Platanus vulgaris ), cypress ( Cupressus sempervirens ), grass mix ( Poa pratensis , Dactilis glomerata , Lolium perenne , Phleum pratense , Festuca pratensis , Helictotrichon pretense ), Olive ( Olea europaea ), mugwort ( Artemisia vulgaris ), ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia ), Alternaria alternata ( tenuis ), Cladosporium herbarum , Aspergillus fumigatus , Parietaria , cat, dog, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , Dermatophagoides farinae , and cockroach ( Blatella germanica ). Standardization of the skin test procedures and standard panels for different geographic locations are encouraged worldwide to permit better comparisons for diagnostic, clinical and research purposes.

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Figure 1 SPT procedures. (a) Preparation for skin prick test on forearm. (b) Prick testing with lancet through a drop of allergen extract.
Figure 1 SPT procedures. (a) Preparation for skin prick test on forearm. (b) Prick testing with lancet through a drop of allergen extract.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Heinzerling, L., Mari, A., Bergmann, K., Bresciani, M., Burbach, G., Darsow, U., Durham, S., Fokkens, W., Gjomarkaj, M., Haahtela, T., Bom, A. T., Wöhrl, S., Maibach, H., & Lockey, R.
Affiliations
  • Department of Dermatology University Hospital Erlangen 91054 Erlangen Germany
  • Board Member of the EAACI Allergy Diagnosis Interest Group IDI‐IRCCS Center for Molecular Allergology Rome Italy
  • Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité Universitätsmedizin‐Berlin Berlin Germany
  • Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Rome Italy
  • Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein and Division of Environmental Dermatology and Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University Munich Germany
  • Department of Respiratory Medicine Royal Brompton Hospital London UK
  • Department of Otorhinolaryngology Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam Netherlands
  • Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Palermo Italy
  • Skin and Allergy Hospital University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland
  • ImunoAlergologia Coimbra University Coimbra Portugal
  • Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Austria & Floridsdorf Allergy Centre (FAZ) Vienna Austria
  • Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco California USA
  • Division of Allergy & Immunology University of South Florida College of Medicine Tampa Florida USA
Venue
Clinical and Translational Allergy
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-01
Volume
3
Issue
1
ISSN
2045-7022
DOI
10.1186/2045-7022-3-3
PMC
PMC3565910
Cited by
681
References
7
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 (vor, 31 d)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Skin Prick Test—European Standards. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1186/2045-7022-3-3
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Heinzerling, L., Mari, A., Bergmann, K., Bresciani, M., Burbach, G., Darsow, U., Durham, S., Fokkens, W., Gjomarkaj, M., Haahtela, T., Bom, A. T., Wöhrl, S., Maibach, H., & Lockey, R. (2013). The Skin Prick Test—European Standards. Clinical and Translational Allergy. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-7022-3-3