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Cited by 358

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Environmental risk factors differ between rheumatoid arthritis with and without auto-antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides

Open access
Pedersen, Merete, Jacobsen, Søren, Klarlund, Mette, Pedersen, Bo V, Wiik, Allan, Wohlfahrt, Jan, Frisch, Morten·2006·Arthritis Research & Therapy

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate new and previously hypothesised non-genetic risk factors for serologic subtypes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) defined by the presence or absence of auto-antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCP). In a national case-control study, we included 515 patients recently diagnosed with RA according to the American College of Rheumatology 1987 classification criteria and 769 gender- and age-matched population controls. Telephone interviews provided information about non-genetic exposures, and serum samples for patients were tested for anti-CCP-antibodies. Associations between exposure variables and risk of anti-CCP-positive and anti-CCP-negative RA were evaluated using logistic regression. A series of RA subtype-specific risk factors were identified. Tobacco smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.65; 95% confidence interval: 1.03–2.64, for >20 versus 0 pack-years) was selectively associated with risk of anti-CCP-positive RA, whereas alcohol consumption exhibited an inverse dose-response association with this RA subtype (OR = 1.98, 1.22–3.19, for 0 versus >0–5 drinks per week). Furthermore, coffee consumption (OR = 2.18; 1.07–4.42, for >10 versus 0 cups per day), ever use of oral contraceptives (OR = 1.65; 1.06–2.57) and having a first-degree relative with schizophrenia (OR = 4.18; 1.54–11.3) appeared more strongly associated with risk of anti-CCP-positive RA. Obesity was selectively associated with risk of anti-CCP-negative RA, with obese individuals being at more than 3-fold increased risk of this subtype compared with normal-weight individuals (OR = 3.45; 1.73–6.87). Age at menarche was the only examined factor that was significantly associated with both serologic subtypes of RA (p-trends = 0.01); women with menarche at age ≥ 15 years had about twice the risk of either RA subtype compared with women with menarche at age ≤ 12 years. Major differences in risk factor profiles suggest distinct etiologies for anti-CCP-positive and anti-CCP-negative RA.

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Metadata

Authors
Pedersen, M., Jacobsen, S., Klarlund, M., Pedersen, B. V., Wiik, A., Wohlfahrt, J., & Frisch, M.
Venue
Arthritis Research & Therapy
Published
2006-07-27
Volume
8
Issue
4
Pages
R133-R133
ISSN
1478-6354 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1831078481
Cited by
358
References
32
FWCI
7.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Environmental risk factors differ between rheumatoid arthritis with and without auto-antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1186/ar2022
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Pedersen, M., Jacobsen, S., Klarlund, M., Pedersen, B. V., Wiik, A., Wohlfahrt, J., & Frisch, M. (2006). Environmental risk factors differ between rheumatoid arthritis with and without auto-antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides. Arthritis Research & Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar2022

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