Genome-wide characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium genes required for the fitness under iron restriction
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Abstract
Background: Iron is a crucial element for bacterial survival and virulence. During Salmonella infection, the host utilizes a variety of mechanisms to starve the pathogen from iron. However, Salmonella activates distinctive defense mechanisms to acquire iron and survive in iron-restricted host environments. Yet, the comprehensive set of the conditionally essential genes that underpin Salmonella survival under iron-restricted niches has not been fully explored. Results: Here, we employed transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) method for high-resolution elucidation of the genes in Salmonella Typhimurium ( S. Typhimurium) 14028S strain required for the growth under the in vitro conditions with four different levels of iron restriction achieved by iron chelator 2,2′-dipyridyl (Dip): mild (100 and 150 μM), moderate (250 μM) and severe iron restriction (400 μM). We found that the fitness of the mutants reduced significantly for 28 genes, suggesting the importance of these genes for the growth under iron restriction. These genes include sufABCDSE , iron transport fepD , siderophore tonB , sigma factor E ropE , phosphate transport pstAB, and zinc exporter zntA . The siderophore gene tonB was required in mild and moderate iron-restricted conditions, but it became dispensable in severe iron-restricted conditions. Remarkably, rpoE was required in moderate and severe iron restrictions, leading to complete attenuation of the mutant under these conditions. We also identified 30 genes for which the deletion of the genes resulted in increased fitness under iron-restricted conditions. Conclusions: The findings broaden our knowledge of how S. Typhimurium survives in iron-deficient environments, which could be utilized for the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting the pathways vital for iron metabolism, trafficking, and scavenging.
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- Authors
- Karash, S., Jiang, T., & Kwon, Y. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Arkansas at Fayetteville (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kwon, Young Min
- Venue
- BMC Genomic Data
- Published
- 2022-07-22
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-55
- ISSN
- 2730-6844 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9308263
- OpenAlex
- W4286559850
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 1.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Genomic Data (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Escherichia coli research studies
- Keywords
- Salmonella typhimurium, iron limitation, iron acquisition, iron metabolism, conditionally essential genes, transposon sequencing, 2,2'-bipyridine, iron chelation, bacterial fitness
- MeSH terms
- Chelating Agents, Humans, Iron, Salmonella Infections, Salmonella typhimurium, Virulence, Siderophores
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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