Cited by 33Fungal and yeast genetics researchMitochondrial Function and PathologyRNA Research and Splicing

The transcriptome of Candida albicans mitochondria and the evolution of organellar transcription units in yeasts

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Kolondra, Adam, Labedzka-Dmoch, Karolina, Wenda, Joanna M., Drzewicka, Katarzyna, Golik, Pawel·2015·BMC Genomics

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Yeasts show remarkable variation in the organization of their mitochondrial genomes, yet there is little experimental data on organellar gene expression outside few model species. Candida albicans is interesting as a human pathogen, and as a representative of a clade that is distant from the model yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Unlike them, it encodes seven Complex I subunits in its mtDNA. No experimental data regarding organellar expression were available prior to this study. METHODS: We used high-throughput RNA sequencing and traditional RNA biology techniques to study the mitochondrial transcriptome of C. albicans strains BWP17 and SN148. RESULTS: The 14 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 24 tRNA genes are expressed as eight primary polycistronic transcription units. We also found transcriptional activity in the noncoding regions, and antisense transcripts that could be a part of a regulatory mechanism. The promoter sequence is a variant of the nonanucleotide identified in other yeast mtDNAs, but some of the active promoters show significant departures from the consensus. The primary transcripts are processed by a tRNA punctuation mechanism into the monocistronic and bicistronic mature RNAs. The steady state levels of various mature transcripts exhibit large differences that are a result of posttranscriptional regulation. Transcriptome analysis allowed to precisely annotate the positions of introns in the RNL (2), COB (2) and COX1 (4) genes, as well as to refine the annotation of tRNAs and rRNAs. Comparative study of the mitochondrial genome organization in various Candida species indicates that they undergo shuffling in blocks usually containing 2-3 genes, and that their arrangement in primary transcripts is not conserved. tRNA genes with their associated promoters, as well as GC-rich sequence elements play an important role in these evolutionary events. CONCLUSIONS: The main evolutionary force shaping the mitochondrial genomes of yeasts is the frequent recombination, constantly breaking apart and joining genes into novel primary transcription units. The mitochondrial transcription units are constantly rearranged in evolution shaping the features of gene expression, such as the presence of secondary promoter sites that are inactive, or act as "booster" promoters, simplified transcriptional regulation and reliance on posttranscriptional mechanisms.

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Crossref · 10.1186/s12864-015-2078-z

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  • The activation of AOX by the Rtg pathway suggests that its function in the retrograde response to mitochondrial dysfunction could be conserved in C. albicans despite the considerable evolutionary distance from S. cerevisiae and many changes in the components of the pathway, the mitochondrial genome and respiratory metabolism.

    “The activation of AOX by the Rtg pathway suggests that its function in the retrograde response to mitochondrial dysfunction could be conserved in C. albicans despite the considerable evolutionary distance from S. cerevisiae and many changes in the components of the pathway”

    From Mitochondrial retrograde control of transcription evolves with respiratory stress, metabolic adaptation, and virulence in budding yeasts (2026) · cites this paper as Kolondra et al. 2015

    The Background (page not provided) describes differences between C. albicans and S. cerevisiae in respiratory metabolism and mitochondrial genome content. It does not address AOX activation by the Rtg pathway or whether the pathway’s retrograde-response function is conserved; those central parts of the claim are unsupported by this paper. (LLM, conf=0.78)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • In Cappr13Δ, NAD4L and NAD5 probe signals are lost; other mRNAs and rRNAs were not affected; native level restored by reintroducing WT CaPPR13.

    “In the Cappr13Δ mutant, we observed the loss of signal detected by the NAD4L and NAD5 probes (Fig. 4a) that hybridize to a single bicistronic transcript (Kolondra et al. 2015). Other mRNAs and rRNAs were not affected by the deletion of CaPPR13 (Supplementary Fig. 6). We could restore the native level of the NAD4L–NAD5 bicistron by reintroducing the WT CaPPR13 allele.”
  • In C. albicans, ATP9, ATP6, and ATP8 originate from a single polycistronic transcription unit (TU4) controlled by the same promoter and later separated into ATP9 and the bicistronic ATP6-ATP8 mRNA, whereas in S. cerevisiae they are transcribed separately.

    “In C. albicans, ATP9, ATP6, and ATP8 originate from a single polycistronic transcription unit (TU4) controlled by the same promoter and later separated into ATP9 and the bicistronic ATP6–ATP8 mRNA, whereas in S. cerevisiae, ATP9 and the ATP6–ATP8 bicistron are transcribed separately (Kolondra et al. 2015; Golik 2024).”
  • The effect of CaPpr7p on splicing cannot be explained by a maturase deficiency due to impaired translation, because the ORF encoded in COB intron I contains the GIY-YIG motif typical of homing endonucleases rather than maturases.

    “Organellar translation and splicing are mechanistically connected by the intron-encoded maturase proteins (Pel and Grivell 1993), but the ORF encoded in COB intron I contains the GIY–YIG motif (Kolondra et al. 2015) that is typical of homing endonucleases rather than maturases (Dunin-Horkawicz et al. 2006), suggesting that the effect of CaPpr7p on splicing cannot be explained by a maturase”
  • The stop codon of NAD4L is contiguous with the start codon of downstream NAD5, and the two mRNAs are co-translated.

    “The stop codon of NAD4L is contiguous with the start codon of downstream NAD5. It is rather clear that the 2 mRNA are co-translated (Kolondra et al. 2015), as we do not detect individual NAD4L and NAD5 transcripts.”

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Authors
Kolondra, A., Labedzka-Dmoch, K., Wenda, J. M., Drzewicka, K., & Golik, P.
Affiliations
University of Warsaw (PL)
Venue
BMC Genomics
Published
2015-10-21
Volume
16
Issue
1
Pages
827-827
ISSN
1471-2164 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2107905700
Cited by
33
References
145
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4
FWCI
1.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • BMC Genomics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Foundation For Polish Science (TEAM/2010-6/6)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
Keywords
Candida albicans, mitochondrial transcriptome, mitochondrial genome organization, mitochondrial gene expression, promoter sequence variation, mitochondrial recombination, DNA shuffling, post-transcriptional regulation, antisense transcripts
MeSH terms
Amino Acid Sequence, Base Sequence, Candida albicans, DNA, Mitochondrial, Humans, Introns, Mitochondria, RNA, Ribosomal, RNA, Transfer, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces, Transcription, Genetic, Organelles, Gene Expression, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Genome, Mitochondrial, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Transcriptome

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