CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 42Vibrio bacteria research studiesSalmonella and Campylobacter epidemiologyAntibiotic Resistance in Bacteria

Investigating the virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae O1 in environmental and clinical isolates in Accra, Ghana

Open access
Abana, David, Gyamfi, Elizabeth, Dogbe, Magdalene, Opoku, Grace, Opare, David, Boateng, Gifty, Mosi, Lydia·2019·BMC Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1186/s12879-019-3714-zPMC PMC6341726
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Cholera has been endemic in Ghana since its detection in 1970. It has been shown that long-term survival of the bacteria may be attained in aquatic environments. Consequently, cholera outbreaks may be triggered predominantly in densely populated urban areas. We investigated clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio cholera e O1 in Accra to determine their virulence genes, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and environmental factors maintaining their persistence in the environment. Water samples from various sources were analyzed for the presence of V. cholerae O1 using culture methods. Forty clinical isolates from a previous cholera outbreak were included in the study for comparison. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the bacteria were determined by disc diffusion. Virulence genes were identified by analyzing genes for ctx, tcpA (tcpA El Tor tcpA Cl ), zot, ompW, rbfO1 and attRS using PCR. Physicochemical characteristics of water were investigated using standard methods. One-way ANOVA and student t - test were employed to analyze the relationship between physicochemical factors and the occurrence of V. cholerae O1. Eleven V. cholerae O1 strains were successfully isolated from streams, storage tanks and wells during the study period. All isolates were resistant to one or more of the eight antibiotics used. Multidrug resistance was observed in over 97% of the isolates. All isolates had genes for at least one virulence factor. Vibrio cholerae toxin gene was detected in 82.4% of the isolates. Approximately 81.8% of the isolates were positive for tcpA El Tor gene, but also harbored the tcpA cl gene. Isolates were grouped into thirteen genotypes based on the genes analyzed. High temperature, salinity, total dissolved solids and conductivity was found to significantly correlate positively with isolation of V. cholerae O1. V. cholerae serotype Ogawa biotype El tor is the main biotype circulating in Ghana with the emergence of a hybrid strain. Multidrug resistant V. cholerae O1 with different genotypes and pathogenicity are present in water sources and co-exist with non O1/O139 in the study area.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/s12879-019-3714-z

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • MDR prevalence was 17.6% for Shigella spp., 78.4% for Vibrio cholerae, 88% for K. pneumoniae, 89.5% for P. aeruginosa, and 100% for A. baumannii.

    “MDR prevalence of 17.6%, 78.4%, 88%, 89.5% and 100% were reported for Shigella spp. [17], Vibrio cholerae [26], K. pneumoniae [35], P. aeruginosa [28], and A. baumannii [30], respectively.”

    From A Systematic Review on Antimicrobial Resistance in Ghana from a One Health Perspective (2024) · cites this paper as [26]

    The Discussion reports the emergence of multidrug-resistant V. cholerae strains, and the Results describe resistance among the clinical and environmental isolates. Neither section reports the 78.4% MDR prevalence attributed to this paper. The other species and percentages in the citing sentence have separate citations and are not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.80)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 41

  1. [1]Nelson E Harris J Glenn Morris J Calderwood S Camilli A Cholera transmission: the host, pathogen and bacteriophage dynamic Nat Rev Microbiol 2009 7 10 693 702 10.1038/nrmicro2204 19756008 PMC3842031 · DOI
  2. [2]Lutz C Erken M Noorian P Sun S McDougald D Environmental reservoirs and mechanisms of persistence of Vibrio cholerae Front Microbiol 2013 4 375 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00375 24379807 PMC3863721 · DOI
  3. [3]Fujinaga Y Gangliosides that associate with lipid rafts mediate transport of cholera and related toxins from the plasma membrane to endoplasmic reticulum Mol Bio Cell 2003 14 12 4783 4793 10.1091/mbc.e03-06-0354 13679513 PMC284783 · DOI
  4. [4]Feng Y Jadhav A Rodighiero C Fujinaga Y Kirchhausen T Lencer W Retrograde transport of cholera toxin from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum requires the trans-Golgi network but not the Golgi apparatus in Exo2-treated cells EMBO Rep 2004 5 6 596 601 10.1038/sj.embor.7400152 15153932 PMC1299072 · DOI
  5. [5]Rivera I Chun J Huq A Sack R Colwell R Genotypes associated with virulence in environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae Appl Environ Microbiol 2001 67 6 2421 2429 10.1128/AEM.67.6.2421-2429.2001 11375146 PMC92890 · DOI
  6. [6]Dixit G Mikoryak C Hayslett T Bhat A Draper R Cholera toxin up-regulates endoplasmic reticulum proteins that correlate with sensitivity to the toxin Exp Bio Med 2008 233 2 163 175 10.3181/0705-RM-132 18222971 · DOI
  7. [7]Mourino-Perez R Worden A Azam F Growth of Vibrio cholerae O1 in red tide waters off California Appl Environ Microbiol 2003 69 11 6923 6931 10.1128/AEM.69.11.6923-6931.2003 14602656 PMC262290 · DOI
  8. [8]Chomvarin C Namwat W Wongwajana S Alam M Thaew-Nonngiew K Sinchaturus A Engchanil C Application of duplex-PCR in rapid and reliable detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in water samples in Thailand J Gen Appl Microbiol 2007 53 4 229 237 10.2323/jgam.53.229 17878662 · DOI
  9. [9]Ministry of Health Ghana, GHS bulletin, 1998–2013 cholera data. Missing data for 2003, 2006, 2008 and 2009. Available https://www.ghanahealthservice.org. Accessed, 19 July, 2016.
  10. [11]Rebaudet S Sudre B Faucher B Piarroux R Cholera in coastal Africa: a systematic review of its heterogeneous environmental determinants J Infec Dis 2013 208 1 98 106 10.1093/infdis/jit202 24101653 · DOI
  11. [12]Chomvarin C Namwat W Wongwajana S Alam M Thaew-Nonngiew K Sinchaturus A Engchanil C Application of duplex-PCR in rapid and reliable detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in water samples in Thailand J of Gen and Appl Microbiol 2007 53 4 229 237 10.2323/jgam.53.229 17878662 · DOI
  12. [13]Gelbíčová T Pantůček R Karpíšková R Virulence factors and resistance to antimicrobials in listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2c isolated from food J Appl Microbiol 2016 121 2 569 576 10.1111/jam.13191 27238881 · DOI
  13. [15]Mishra A Taneja N Sharma M Environmental and epidemiological surveillance of Vibrio cholerae in a cholera-endemic region in India with fresh water environs J Appl Microbiol 2011 112 1 225 237 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05191.x 22054549 · DOI
  14. [16]CLSI M45-A2 Methods for Antimicrobial Dilution and Disk Susceptibility Testing of Infrequently Isolated or Fastidious Bacteria, approved guideline, 3rd Edition 2011;26 (19):36–37.
  15. [18]Akoachere J Mbuntcha C Water sources as reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1 strains in Bepanda, Douala (Cameroon): relationship between isolation and physicochemical factors BMC Infect Dis 2014 14 421 10.1186/1471-2334-14-421 25073409 PMC4131033 · DOI
  16. [19]Baron S, Lesne J, Moore S, Rossignol E, Rebaudet S, Gazin P, et al. No evidence of significant levels of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in the Haitian aquatic environment during the 2012 rainy season. PLOS Curr. 2013. PMC3783635 24077904
  17. [20]Alam M Weppelmann T Weber C Johnson J Rashid M Birch C Monitoring water sources for environmental reservoirs of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Haiti Emerg Infect Dis 2014 20 3 356 363 24571741 PMC3944837
  18. [21]Louis V Russek-Cohen E Choopun N Rivera I Gangle B Jiang S Predictability of Vibrio cholerae in Chesapeake Bay Appl Environ Microbiol 2003 69 5 2773 2785 10.1128/AEM.69.5.2773-2785.2003 12732548 PMC154498 · DOI
  19. [22]Issa H A case of O1 Vibrio Cholera bacteremia and primary peritonitis in a patient with liver cirrhosis Gastro enterology Research 2009 2 6 358 360 PMC5139699 27990208
  20. [23]Alam M Weppelmann T Longini I De Rochars V Morris J Ali A Increased isolation frequency of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 from environmental monitoring sites in Haiti PLoS One 2015 10 4 PMC4390201 25853552
  21. [24]Wu B Liang W Kan B Growth phase, oxygen, temperature, and starvation affect the development of viable but non-culturable state of Vibrio cholerae Front Microbiol 2016 7 404 27065970 PMC4811941
  22. [25]Faruque S Sack D Sack R Colwell R Takeda Y Nair G Emergence and evolution of Vibrio cholerae O139 PNAS 2003 100 3 1304 1309 10.1073/pnas.0337468100 12538850 PMC298768 · DOI
  23. [26]Greenland K de-Witt Huberts J, Wright R, Hawkes L, Ekor C, Biran a. A cross-sectional survey to assess household sanitation practices associated with uptake of “clean team” serviced home toilets in Kumasi, Ghana Environ and Urban 2016 28 2 583 598 10.1177/0956247816647343 · DOI
  24. [27]Mukherjee R Halder D Saha S Shyamali R Subhranshu C Ramakrishnan R Five pond-centred outbreaks of cholera in villages of West Bengal, India: evidence for focused interventions J Health Popul Nutr 2011 29 5 421 428 10.3329/jhpn.v29i5.8895 22106747 PMC3225103 · DOI
  25. [28]Thapa Shrestha U Adhikari N Maharjan R Banjara M Rijal K Basnyat S Agrawal V Multidrug resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 from clinical and environmental samples in Kathmandu city BMC Infect Dis 2015 15 1 104 10.1186/s12879-015-0844-9 25888391 PMC4350293 · DOI
  26. [29]Eibach D Herrera-León S Gil H Hogan B Ehlkes L Adjabeng M Molecular epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae associated with a large cholera outbreak in Ghana in 2014 PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016 10 5 1371 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004751 PMC4883745 27232338 · DOI
  27. [30]Folster J Katz L McCullough A Parsons M Knipe K Sammons S Multidrug-resistant IncA/C plasmid in Vibrio cholerae from Haiti Emerg Infect Dis 2014 20 11 1951 1953 10.3201/eid2011.140889 25340576 PMC4214316 · DOI
  28. [32]Miwanda B Moore S Muyembe J Nguefack-Tsague G Kabangwa I Ndjakani D Antimicrobial drug resistance of Vibrio cholerae, Democratic Republic of the Congo Emerg Infect Dis 2015 21 5 847 851 10.3201/eid2105.141233 25897570 PMC4412219 · DOI
  29. [33]Choudhry S Das S Saha R Ramachandran V Kaur K Sarkar B Emergence of multiple drug resistance Vibrio cholerae O1 in East Delhi J Infect Develop Count 2011 15 104 21537071
  30. [34]Goel A Jiang S Genetic determinants of virulence, antibiogram and altered biotype among the Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from different cholera outbreaks in India Infect Gen and Evol 2010 10 6 814 818 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.06.022 19580888 · DOI
  31. [35]Sjolund-Karlsson M Reimer A Folster J Walker M Dahourou G Batra D Drug-resistance mechanisms in Vibrio cholerae O1 outbreak strain, Haiti, 2010 Emerg Infect Dis 2011 17 11 2151 2154 10.3201/eid1711.110720 22099122 PMC3310571 · DOI
  32. [36]Marin M Thompson C Freitas F Fonseca E Aboderin A Zailani S Cholera outbreaks in Nigeria are associated with multidrug resistant atypical El Tor and non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013 7 2 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002049 PMC3573102 23459673 · DOI
  33. [37]Quilici M Massenet D Gake B Bwalki B Olson D Vibrio cholerae O1 variant with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin Western Africa Emerg Infect Dis 2010 16 11 1804 1805 10.3201/eid1611.100568 21029554 PMC3294521 · DOI
  34. [38]Wang R Variations in SXT elements in epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains in China Sci Rep 2016 6 22733 10.1038/srep22733 26956038 PMC4783696 · DOI
  35. [39]Wang R Li J Kan B Sequences of a co-existing SXT element, a chromosomal integron (CI) and an IncA/C plasmid and their roles in multidrug resistance in a Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strain Inter J Antimicrob Agen 2016 48 3 305 309 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.05.020 27470490 · DOI
  36. [40]Baranwal S Dey K Ramamurthy T Nair G Kundu M Role of active efflux in association with target gene mutations in fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae Antimic Agen Chemother 2002 46 8 2676 2678 10.1128/AAC.46.8.2676-2678.2002 PMC127385 12121955 · DOI
  37. [41]Del Refugio Castañeda Chávez M Sedas V Orrantia Borunda E Reynoso F Influence of water temperature and salinity on seasonal occurrences of Vibrio cholerae and enteric bacteria in oyster-producing areas of Veracruz México Marine Pol Bull 2005 50 12 1641 1648 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.06.036 16061261 · DOI
  38. [42]Blackwell K Oliver J The ecology of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in North Carolina estuaries J Microbiol 2008 46 2 146 153 10.1007/s12275-007-0216-2 18545963 · DOI
  39. [43]Das M Singh D Zala D Bhotra T Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae O1 carrying Haitian ctxB and attributes of classical and El Tor biotypes isolated from Silvassa India J Med Microbiol 2016 65 720 728 10.1099/jmm.0.000282 27255911 · DOI
  40. [44]Ghosh-Banerjee J Senoh M Takahashi T Hamabata T Barman S Koley H Cholera toxin production by the El Tor variant of Vibrio cholerae O1 compared to prototype El Tor and classical biotypes J Clin Microbiol 2010 48 11 4283 4286 10.1128/JCM.00799-10 20810767 PMC3020813 · DOI
  41. [45]Ghosh C Nandy R Dasgupta S Balakrish Nair G Hall R Ghose A A search for cholera toxin (CT), toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP), the regulatory element ToxR and other virulence factors in non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae Microb Pathog 1997 22 4 199 208 10.1006/mpat.1996.0105 9140915 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Abana, D., Gyamfi, E., Dogbe, M., Opoku, G., Opare, D., Boateng, G., & Mosi, L.
Affiliations
University of Ghana (GH)
Corresponding author
Mosi, Lydia
ORCID
Venue
BMC Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-01-21
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
76-76
ISSN
1471-2334 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12879-019-3714-z
PMC
PMC6341726
OpenAlex
W2800213918
Cited by
42
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
FWCI
3.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
World Bank Group (ACE02-WACCBIP: AWANDARE)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Vibrio bacteria research studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
Keywords
Vibrio cholerae O1, cholera, virulence genes, antibiotic resistance, multidrug resistance, environmental persistence, waterborne pathogens, El Tor biotype, hybrid strains, tcpA, zot gene, OmpW, transthyretin amyloidosis, water physicochemical parameters, cholera outbreak, Accra, Ghana
MeSH terms
Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cholera, Cholera Toxin, Fresh Water, Genotype, Ghana, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Virulence, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Fimbriae Proteins, Virulence Factors, Vibrio cholerae O1, Rivers, Water Wells

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review