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Cited by 49Tuberculosis Research and EpidemiologyDiagnosis and treatment of tuberculosisInfectious Diseases and Tuberculosis

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Treatment outcomes and risk factors of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with co-morbidities

Open access
Khan, Amer Hayat, Sulaiman, Syed Azhar Syed, Laghari, Madeeha, Hassali, Mohamed Azmi, Muttalif, Abdul Razak, Bhatti, Zohra, Ming, Long Chiau, Talpur, Bandeh Ali·2019·BMC Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1186/s12879-019-4312-9PMC PMC6683549
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) represents about 14% of all cases of tuberculosis (TB) in Malaysia. The aims of the study include evaluation of socio-demographic factors, clinical manifestations, co-morbidities among patients with EPTB and their treatment outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to recognize the epidemiology facts of EPTB. Individual data for EPTB patients were collected from TB registers, laboratory TB registers, treatment cards and TB medical personal files into a standardized study questionnaire. Crude (COR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined to assess the risk factors for EPTB and unsuccessful treatment outcomes. RESULTS: There were 1222 EPTB patients presenting 13.1% of all TB cases during 2006-2008. Pleural effusion and lymph node TB were the most frequent types and accounted for 45.1% of all EPTB cases among study participants. Treatment success rate was 67.6%. The best treatment completion rates were found in children ≤15 years (0.478 [0.231-1.028]; p = 0.05). On multivariate analysis, age group 56-65 years (1.658 [1.157-2.376]; p = 0.006), relapse cases (7.078 [1.585-31.613]; p = 0.010), EPTB-DM (1.773 [1.165-2.698]; p = 0.008), patients with no formal (2.266 [1.254-4.095]; p = 0.001) and secondary level of education (1.889 [1.085-3.288]; p = 0.025) were recorded as statistically positive significant risk factors for unsuccessful treatment outcomes. Patients at the risk of EPTB were more likely to be females (1.524 [1.311-1.746]; p < 0.001), Malays (1.251 [1.056-1.482]; p = 0.010) and Indians (1.450 [1.142-1.842]; p = 0.002), TB-HIV (3.215 [2.347-4.405]; p < 0.001), EPDM-HIV (4.361 [1.657-11.474]; p = 0.003), EPTB-HIV-HEP (4.083 [2.785-5.987]; p < 0.001), those living in urban areas (1.272 [1.109-1.459]; p = 0.001) and no formal education (1.361 [1.018-1.820]; p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study extend the knowledge of EPTB epidemiology and highlight the need for improved EPTB detection in Malaysia, especially in subpopulations with high risk for EPTB and unsuccessful treatment outcomes.

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  • The rate of rifampicin resistance among epTB cases in this study (4.83%) was lower than rates reported in previous Indian studies by Kant et al. (13.4%), Lohiya et al. (16%), and Misra et al. (2021).

    “the study found that the rate of rifampicin resistance among epTB cases was 4.83%, which is lower than the rate reported by previous studies conducted in India by Kant et al.,2018 (13.4%)15, Lohiya et al. 2020 (16%)16, and Misra et al. in 202117.”

    From Prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and factors influencing successful treatment outcomes among notified cases in South India (2025) · cites this paper as [15]

    The cited paper’s Results (Proportion, socio-demographic and baseline clinical characteristics; page unavailable) concern Malaysian EPTB cases and report one rifampicin-resistant patient among 687 culture-confirmed cases. The citation in the sentence is attached to a purported 2021 Indian study by Misra et al.; searches for Misra, 4.83%, 13.4%, and 16% found no passage in our copy reporting that comparison. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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  1. Council MA. Overview of the HIV & AIDS epidemic in Malaysia. 2018.

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Metadata

Authors
Khan, A. H., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Laghari, M., Hassali, M. A., Muttalif, A. R., Bhatti, Z., Ming, L. C., & Talpur, B. A.
Affiliations
  • Universiti Sains Malaysia (MY)
  • University of Tasmania (AU)
  • Trinity College Dublin (IE)
Corresponding author
Khan, Amer Hayat
ORCID
Venue
BMC Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-08-05
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
691-691
ISSN
1471-2334 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12879-019-4312-9
PMC
PMC6683549
OpenAlex
W2964737557
Cited by
49
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7
FWCI
4.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UTAS Research Repository (acceptedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Greater South Information System
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
Keywords
extrapulmonary tuberculosis, treatment outcomes, risk factors, comorbidities, pleural tuberculosis, tuberculous lymphadenitis, treatment completion, relapse, diabetes mellitus, sociodemographic factors, educational attainment, Malaysia, ethnic groups, gender differences, tuberculosis epidemiology, health literacy, health insurance coverage
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antitubercular Agents, Child, Female, Humans, Malaysia, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Lymph Node, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Comorbidity, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult

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