Deep learning approaches for classification tasks in medical X-ray, MRI, and ultrasound images: a scoping review
Open accessAbstract
Medical images occupy the largest part of the existing medical information and dealing with them is challenging not only in terms of management but also in terms of interpretation and analysis. Hence, analyzing, understanding, and classifying them, becomes a very expensive and time-consuming task, especially if performed manually. Deep learning is considered a good solution for image classification, segmentation, and transfer learning tasks since it offers a large number of algorithms to solve such complex problems. PRISMA-ScR guidelines have been followed to conduct the scoping review with the aim of exploring how deep learning is being used to classify a broad spectrum of diseases diagnosed using an X-ray, MRI, or Ultrasound image modality.Findings contribute to the existing research by outlining the characteristics of the adopted datasets and the preprocessing or augmentation techniques applied to them. The authors summarized all relevant studies based on the deep learning models used and the accuracy achieved for classification. Whenever possible, they included details about the hardware and software configurations, as well as the architectural components of the models employed. Moreover, the models that achieved the highest accuracy in disease classification were highlighted, along with their strengths. The authors also discussed the limitations of the current approaches and proposed future directions for medical image classification.
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ML, with its ability to read complex imaging data and reduce dependence on operator skill, has great potential as a method of improving consistency and enabling earlier diagnosis of PAS.
“ML, with its ability to read complex imaging data [17] and to reduce the dependence on operator skill, has great potential as a method of improving consistency and enabling earlier diagnosis of PAS [6].”
From Machine Learning in Maternity: Early Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum (2026) · cites this paper as [17]
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Sorted by citations
Machine Learning in Maternity: Early Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Waszczuk, D., Manikandan, V., Wong, B. L., Martin, F., Bhargava, N., Mondal, A., Loy, M., Strnad, D., Panchatcharam, M., Sadanala, G., et al. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.106592
“ML, with its ability to read complex imaging data [17] and to reduce the dependence on operator skill, has great potential as a method of improving consistency and enabling earlier diagnosis of PAS [6].”
- Authors
- Laçi, H., Sevrani, K., & Iqbal, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Tirana (AL)
- Linnaeus University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Iqbal, Sarfraz
- Venue
- BMC Medical Imaging
- Published
- 2025-05-07
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 156-156
- ISSN
- 1471-2342 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC12057223
- OpenAlex
- W4410161985
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 6
- FWCI
- 3.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Medical Imaging (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Diva portal (Dalarna University Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Linnaeus University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › AI in cancer detection
- Keywords
- deep learning, medical image classification, X-ray images, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound images, disease diagnosis, image segmentation, transfer learning, data augmentation, medical image dataset, classification accuracy
- MeSH terms
- Deep Learning, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Radiography, Ultrasonography
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