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Spontaneous first trimester miscarriage rates per woman among parous women with 1 or more pregnancies of 24 weeks or more
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to quantify spontaneous first trimester miscarriage rates per woman among parous women. A vast amount of data has accumulated regarding miscarriage rates per recognized pregnancy as well as about recurrent miscarriage. This is the second study of miscarriage rates per woman in a parous population and the first study of recurrent and non-recurrent, spontaneous first trimester miscarriage rates per woman in a large parous population. METHODS: Extraction of the following variables from all delivery room admissions from both Hadassah Medical Centers in Jerusalem Israel, 2004-2014: # of first trimester spontaneous miscarriages, # live births; # living children; age on admission, pre-pregnancy height and weight, any smoking this pregnancy, any alcohol or drug abuse this pregnancy, blood type, history of ectopic pregnancy, history of cesarean surgery (CS) and use of any fertility treatment(s). RESULTS: Among 53,479 different women admitted to labor and delivery ward, 43% of women reported having had 1 or more first trimester spontaneous miscarriages; 27% reported having had one, 10% two, 4% three, 1.3% four, 0.6% five and 0.05% reported having 6-16 spontaneous first trimester miscarriages. 18.5% had one or more first trimester miscarriages before their first live birth. Eighty-one percent of women with 11 or more living children experienced one or more first trimester miscarriages. First trimester miscarriage rates rose with increasing age, increasing parity, after previous ectopic pregnancy, after previous cesarean surgery, with any smoking during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy BMI ≥30. CONCLUSIONS: Miscarriages are common among parous women; 43% of parous women report having experienced one or more first trimester spontaneous miscarriages, rising to 81% among women with 11 or more living children. One in every 17 parous women have three or more miscarriages. Depending on her health, nutrition and lifestyle choices, even a 39 year old parous woman with a history of 3 or more miscarriages has a good chance of carrying a future pregnancy to term but she should act expediently.
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Women with a pre-pregnancy BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 are at greater risk of miscarriage and stillbirth than women with a BMI of 20-24.99 kg/m2.
“and are at greater risk of miscarriage and stillbirth”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
The Results (Demographics; page unavailable) report increased first-trimester miscarriage among women with pre-pregnancy BMI ≥30. They do not establish the claimed threshold of greater than 25 kg/m², the specified comparison with BMI 20–24.99, or an increased stillbirth risk associated with BMI. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBoth extremes of the BMI range are considered to increase risk of spontaneous miscarriage, although the evidence of an adverse effect of underweight may be more robustly supported by the literature than overweight.
“Both extremes of the BMI range are considered to increase risk, although the evidence of an adverse effect of underweight may be more robustly supported by the literature than overweight. 34 , 35”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
The Results (Demographics; page unavailable) report a slightly increased incidence of first-trimester miscarriage with pre-pregnancy BMI ≥30. The paper does not report an underweight association or compare the strength of evidence for underweight and overweight, so it supports only the high-BMI part of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMaternal BMI is a known determinant of the risk of spontaneous miscarriage in the first trimester of pregnancy.
“Maternal BMI is a known determinant of the risk of spontaneous miscarriage in the first trimester of pregnancy.”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
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References 19 · Cited by 141
Research works printed but not linked: 16
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cohain, J. S., Buxbaum, R. E., & Mankuta, D.
- Affiliations
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center (IL)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Cohain, Judy Slome
- ORCID
- Cohain, Judy Slome
- Venue
- BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 437-437
- ISSN
- 1471-2393 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5741961
- OpenAlex
- W2777018634
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 3.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Keywords
- first-trimester miscarriage, miscarriage, recurrent pregnancy loss, parous women, parity, maternal age, ectopic pregnancy, cesarean section, smoking during pregnancy, pre-pregnancy body mass index, live birth, infertility treatment
- MeSH terms
- Abortion, Spontaneous, Abortion, Habitual, Adult, Age Factors, Female, Humans, Israel, Maternal Age, Parity, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, First, Databases, Factual, Young Adult
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