Secular trends in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in India and its states, 1990-2019: data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study
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Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer that occurs to women worldwide. This study aims to assess trends in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in India and its states over past three decades for tracking the progress of strategies for the prevention and control of cervical cancer. Methods: Data on cervical cancer incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2019 for India and its states were extracted from Global Burden of Disease study and were utilized for the analysis. Spatial and rank map has been used to see the changes in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in different Indian states. Further, joinpoint regression analysis is applied to determine the magnitude of the time trends in the age standardized incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer. We obtained the average annual percent change (AAPC) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each state. Results: Overall, from 1990 to 2019 Jharkhand (Incidence: -50.22%; Mortality: -56.16%) recorded the highest percentage decrement in cervical cancer incidence and mortality followed by the Himachal Pradesh (Incidence: -48.34%; Mortality: -53.37%). Tamilnadu (1 st rank), Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh (32 nd rank) maintained the same rank over the period of three decade for age standardized cervical cancer incidence and mortality. The regression model showed a significant declining trend in India between 1990 and 2019 for age standardized incidence rate (AAPC: −0.82; 95%CI: −1.39 to −0.25; p < 0.05) with highest decline in the period 1998-2005 (AAPC: −3.22; 95%CI: −3.83 to −2.59; p < 0.05). Similarly, a significant declining trend was observed in the age standardized mortality rate of India between 1990 and 2019(AAPC: −1.35; 95%CI: −1.96 to −0.75; p < 0.05) with highest decline in the period 1998-2005 (AAPC: −3.52; 95%CI: −4.17 to −2.86; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Though the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer declined over past three decades but it is still a major public health problem in India. Information, education and communication activities for girls, boys, parents and community for the prevention and control of cervical cancer should be provided throughout the country.
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Tamil Nadu and Mizoram have higher rates of cervical cancer incidence and mortality compared with most other Indian states.
“These states have higher rates of cervical cancer incidence and mortality compared with most other Indian states, with greatly differing health systems and cultures.23”
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Cites
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Self-citationCost effectiveness of strategies for cervical cancer prevention in India
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“Chauhan and colleagues found that introducing HPV vaccination alone led to a 60% decline in cervical cancer-related mortality compared to those without any vaccination and screening [31].”
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Sorted by citations
Oommen, A. M., Ashfaq, M., Tonsing, M. V., Cherian, A. G., Singarayar, P., Viswanathan, V., Muniswamy, V., Hawkes, D., Abraham, P., Pricilla, R. A., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-101599 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“23 Following the completion of the formative phase and stakeholder workshops to co-design the trial arms, we now outline the protocol for a pragmatic cluster RCT to compare two different programme approaches to offering self-collection for HPV-based screening for vulnerable populations in Tamil…”
- Authors
- Singh, M., Jha, R. P., Shri, N., Bhattacharyya, K., Patel, P., & Dhamnetiya, D.
- Affiliations
- International Institute for Population Sciences (IN)
- Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital (IN)
- University of Calcutta (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Dhamnetiya, Deepak
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMC Cancer
- Published
- 2022-02-07
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 149-149
- ISSN
- 1471-2407 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8819855
- OpenAlex
- W4221039957
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 7
- FWCI
- 15.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- University of Washington
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
- Keywords
- cervical cancer, incidence trends, mortality trends, secular trends, India, Indian states, age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized mortality rates, cancer prevention and control, Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- MeSH terms
- Global Burden of Disease, Adult, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Female, Humans, India, Middle Aged, Mortality, Regression Analysis, Incidence
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