Cited by 255Mental Health and Patient InvolvementMental Health Treatment and AccessMental Health and Psychiatry

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Empirical evidence about recovery and mental health

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Slade, Mike, Longden, Eleanor·2015·BMC Psychiatry

DOI 10.1186/s12888-015-0678-4PMC PMC4647297

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Two discourses exist in mental health research and practice. The first focuses on the limitations associated with disability arising from mental disorder. The second focuses on the possibilities for living well with mental health problems. DISCUSSION: This article was prompted by a review to inform disability policy. We identify seven findings from this review: recovery is best judged by experts or using standardised assessment; few people with mental health problems recover; if a person no longer meets criteria for a mental illness, they are in remission; diagnosis is a robust basis for characterising groups and predicting need; treatment and other supports are important factors for improving outcome; the barriers to receiving effective treatment are availability, financing and client awareness; and the impact of mental illness, in particular schizophrenia, is entirely negative. We selectively review a wider range of evidence which challenge these findings, including the changing understanding of recovery, national mental health policies, systematic review methodology and undertainty, epidemiological evidence about recovery rates, reasoning biased due to assumptions about mental illness being an illness like any other, the contested nature of schizophrenia, the social construction of diagnoses, alternative explanations for psychosis experiences including the role of trauma, diagnostic over-shadowing, stigma, the technological paradigm, the treatment gap, social determinants of mental ill-health, the prevalence of voice-hearing in the general population, and the sometimes positive impact of psychosis experience in relation to perspective and purpose. CONCLUSION: We propose an alternative seven messages which are both empirically defensible and more helpful to mental health stakeholders: Recovery is best judged by the person living with the experience; Many people with mental health problems recover; If a person no longer meets criteria for a mental illness, they are not ill; Diagnosis is not a robust foundation; Treatment is one route among many to recovery; Some people choose not to use mental health services; and the impact of mental health problems is mixed.

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Authors: Slade, M., & Longden, E.
Affiliations: King's College London (GB)
University of Liverpool (GB)
Corresponding author: Slade, Mike
ORCID: Slade, Mike
Longden, Eleanor
Venue: BMC Psychiatry
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-11-14
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: 285-285
ISSN: 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0678-4
PMC: PMC4647297
OpenAlex: W2175451760
Cited by: 255
References: 112
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 8
FWCI: 26.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Keywords: mental health recovery, mental health, remission, diagnosis, treatment gap, schizophrenia, voice hearing, stigma, barriers to treatment, disability policy, trauma, mental health services
MeSH terms: Australia, Mental Disorders, Disabled Persons, Persons with Disabilities, Humans, Insurance, Health, Mental Health, Pensions, Treatment Outcome, Evidence-Based Medicine, Social Stigma

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