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Comparison of the efficacy of aroma-acupressure and aromatherapy for the treatment of dementia-associated agitation
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: One of the most common symptoms observed in patients with dementia is agitation, and several non-pharmacological treatments have been used to control this symptom. However, because of limitations in research design, the benefit of non-pharmacological treatments has only been demonstrated in certain cases. The purpose of this study was to compare aroma-acupressure and aromatherapy with respect to their effects on agitation in patients with dementia. METHODS: In this experimental study, the participants were randomly assigned to three groups: 56 patients were included in the aroma-acupressure group, 73 patients in the aromatherapy group, and 57 patients in the control group who received daily routine as usual without intervention. The Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) scale and the heart rate variability (HRV) index were used to assess differences in agitation. The CMAI was used in the pre-test, post-test and post-three-week test, and the HRV was used in the pre-test, the post-test and the post-three-week test as well as every week during the four-week interventions. RESULTS: The CMAI scores were significantly lower in the aroma-acupressure and aromatherapy groups compared with the control group in the post-test and post-three-week assessments. Sympathetic nervous activity was significantly lower in the fourth week in the aroma-acupressure group and in the second week in the aromatherapy group, whereas parasympathetic nervous activity increased from the second week to the fourth week in the aroma-acupressure group and in the fourth week in the aromatherapy group. CONCLUSIONS: Aroma-acupressure had a greater effect than aromatherapy on agitation in patients with dementia. However, agitation was improved in both of the groups, which allowed the patients with dementia to become more relaxed. Future studies should continue to assess the benefits of aroma-acupressure and aromatherapy for the treatment of agitation in dementia patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR-TRC-14004810; Date of registration: 2014/6/12.
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“Nonpharmacological alternatives, including music therapy, aromatherapy, art therapy, behavioral therapy, reality orientation, tailored activities, and physical exercises, have shown promising results for the management of BPSD [21–23].”
From Nonpharmacological Interventions to Reduce Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review (2015) · cites this paper as [21]
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“Aromatherapy may be beneficial to agitated patients with dementia [21, 27, 31].”
From Nonpharmacological Interventions to Reduce Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review (2015) · cites this paper as [21]
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“Results showed that aroma-acupressure and aromatherapy had significant effect in reducing agitation (p < 0.01 and p = 0.01, resp.) when compared to the control group.”
From Nonpharmacological Interventions to Reduce Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review (2015) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, aromatherapy has been used to address BPSD (181–186) and sleep disturbances (187–189) and to stimulate motivational behavior (190).”
From The Multidisciplinary Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia. A Narrative Review of Non-Pharmacological Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [185]
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Citations
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Lavender oil as a treatment for agitated behaviour in severe dementia: a placebo controlled study
Holmes, C., Hopkins, V., Hensford, C., MacLaughlin, V., Wilkinson, D., & Rosenvinge, H. (2002) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.593 · Cited by 202
Imaging biological structures with fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy
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Relaxing Effect of Rose Oil on Humans
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A Controlled Trial of Aromatherapy for Agitation in Nursing Home Patients with Dementia
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Lin, L., Yang, M., Kao, C., Wu, S., Tang, S., & Lin, J. (2009) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02271.x · Cited by 84
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Chigurupati, M. (2023) · International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation · doi:10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.1041-1048
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Narimani, M. M., Motamed‐Jahromi, M., & Radmehr, M. (2026) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.72494
Liu, Q., Li, X., Zhang, L., Bai, X., Zhao, M., Zhang, S., Duan, W., Liu, H., Xu, W., Chen, L., et al. (2026) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2026.104281
Metadata
- Authors
- Yang, M.-H., Lin, L.-C., Wu, S.-C., Chiu, J.-H., Wang, P.-N., & Lin, J.-G.
- Affiliations
- National Yang Ming University (TW)
- China Medical University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Lin, Li-Chan
- Venue
- BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Published
- 2015-03-29
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 93-93
- ISSN
- 1472-6882 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4381454
- OpenAlex
- W1973219304
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 7.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Acupuncture Treatment Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plant Extracts Effects
- Keywords
- dementia, agitation, aromatherapy, non-pharmacological treatment, heart rate variability, sympathetic activity, parasympathetic activity, Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Dementia, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Psychomotor Agitation, Treatment Outcome, Acupressure, Aromatherapy
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