Healing after war/conflict: transformative health workforce strategies for a resilient future: a systematic scoping review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Human resources for health (HRH) are critical for effective healthcare delivery, particularly in post-conflict settings where health systems face severe challenges. Post-conflict environments often exacerbate pre-existing HRH challenges, such as shortages, poor working conditions, and limited training opportunities. This scoping review aims to identify and synthesize evidence on interventions addressing HRH in post-conflict settings, highlighting strategies, outcomes, and barriers to their implementation. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) and grey literature sources, including WHO and ReBUILD Consortium reports. Inclusion criteria encompassed quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies, reviews, and guidelines focused on HRH interventions in post-conflict settings published since 1990. Data were charted and analyzed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework to identify key themes, interventions, and outcomes. RESULTS: The review included 14 studies, comprising primary research and systematic, scoping, and narrative reviews. Key interventions identified include recruitment and deployment strategies, capacity-building programs, incentive schemes, and retention mechanisms. Case studies from Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East highlighted innovative policies, such as community-based recruitment and accelerated training programs. Barriers to implementation included political instability, lack of funding, and uncoordinated efforts among stakeholders. Successful initiatives involved long-term planning, local community engagement, and integration with broader health system recovery strategies. CONCLUSION: Effective HRH interventions in post-conflict settings require comprehensive planning, coordination among stakeholders, and sustained investment. Policies should prioritize retention, capacity building, and equitable deployment to rebuild resilient health systems. These findings provide a roadmap for policymakers and practitioners to enhance HRH recovery efforts in similar contexts.