Cited by 126Intimate Partner and Family ViolenceSexual Assault and Victimization StudiesCOVID-19 and healthcare impacts

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COVID-19 pandemic and violence: rising risks and decreasing urgent care-seeking for sexual assault and domestic violence survivors

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Muldoon, Katherine A., Denize, Kathryn M., Talarico, Robert, Fell, Deshayne B., Sobiesiak, Agnes, Heimerl, Melissa, Sampsel, Kari·2021·BMC Medicine

DOI 10.1186/s12916-020-01897-zPMC PMC7861965

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Abstract

Background: There is little information on care-seeking patterns for sexual assault and domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to examine the changes in emergency department (ED) admissions for sexual assault and domestic violence since the COVID-19 pandemic was declared. Methods: Observational ED admissions data from The Ottawa Hospital were analyzed from March 4 to May 5 (62 days) in 2020 (COVID-19 period) and compared to the same period in 2018 (pre-COVID-19). Total and mean weekly admissions were calculated for all-cause ED admissions and for sexual and domestic violence cases. A Poisson regression (without offset term) was used to calculate the weekly case count ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between the two time periods. Case characteristics were compared using chi-square tests, and percent differences were calculated. Results: Compared to pre-COVID-19, total ED admissions dropped by 1111.22 cases per week (32.9% reduction), and the Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Program cases dropped 4.66 cases per week. The weekly case count ratio for sexual assault cases was 0.47 (95% CI 0.79–0.27), equivalent of 53.49% reduction in cases, and 0.52 (95% CI 0.93–0.29), equivalent to a 48.45% reduction in physical assault cases. The characteristics of presenting cases were similar by age (median 25 years), sex (88.57% female), assault type (57.14% sexual assault, 48.57% physical assault), and location (31.43% patient’s home, 40.00% assailant’s home). There was a significant increase in psychological abuse (11.69% vs 28.57%) and assaults occurring outdoors (5.19% vs 22.86%). Conclusion: This study found a decrease in ED admissions for sexual assault and domestic violence during COVID-19, despite societal conditions that elevate risk of violence. Trends in care-seeking and assault patterns will require ongoing monitoring to inform the provision of optimal support for individuals experiencing violence, particularly as countries begin to re-open or lock-down again.

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Authors: Muldoon, K. A., Denize, K. M., Talarico, R., Fell, D. B., Sobiesiak, A., Heimerl, M., & Sampsel, K.
Affiliations: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (CA)
University of Ottawa (CA)
Corresponding author: Muldoon, Katherine A.
ORCID: Muldoon, Katherine A.
Denize, Kathryn M.
Talarico, Robert
Fell, Deshayne B.
Sampsel, Kari
Venue: BMC Medicine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-02-05
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Pages: 20-20
ISSN: 1741-7015 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01897-z
PMC: PMC7861965
OpenAlex: W3127440973
Cited by: 126
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 19
FWCI: 14.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: BMC Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
uO Research (University of Ottawa) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: The Ottawa Hospital Academic Medical Organization (TOH-20-005)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, sexual assault, domestic violence, care seeking, emergency department admission, violence against women, psychological violence, physical assault
MeSH terms: COVID-19, Adult, Communicable Disease Control, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Ontario, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Sex Offenses, Domestic Violence, Young Adult, Pandemics

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COVID-19 pandemic and violence: rising risks and decreasing urgent care-seeking for sexual assault and domestic violence survivors

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