Surfactant therapy for COVID-19 related ARDS: a retrospective case–control pilot study
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and depletes the lungs of surfactant, leading to prolonged mechanical ventilation and death. The feasibility and safety of surfactant delivery in COVID-19 ARDS patients have not been established. Methods: We performed retrospective analyses of data from patients receiving off-label use of exogenous natural surfactant during the COVID-19 pandemic. Seven COVID-19 PCR positive ARDS patients received liquid Curosurf (720 mg) in 150 ml normal saline, divided into five 30 ml aliquots) and delivered via a bronchoscope into second-generation bronchi. Patients were matched with 14 comparable subjects receiving supportive care for ARDS during the same time period. Feasibility and safety were examined as well as the duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality. Results: Patients showed no evidence of acute decompensation following surfactant installation into minor bronchi. Cox regression showed a reduction of 28-days mortality within the surfactant group, though not significant. The surfactant did not increase the duration of ventilation, and health care providers did not convert to COVID-19 positive. Conclusions: Surfactant delivery through bronchoscopy at a dose of 720 mg in 150 ml normal saline is feasible and safe for COVID-19 ARDS patients and health care providers during the pandemic. Surfactant administration did not cause acute decompensation, may reduce mortality and mechanical ventilation duration in COVID-19 ARDS patients. This study supports the future performance of randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of meticulous sub-bronchial lavage with surfactant as treatment for patients with COVID-19 ARDS.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Targeting surfactant deficiency may improve respiratory function in patients with COVID-19.
“Others have reported that targeting surfactant deficiency may improve respiratory function in patients with COVID-19 (80, 81).”
From Lung epithelial and endothelial damage, loss of tissue repair, inhibition of fibrinolysis, and cellular senescence in fatal COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as [81]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 · Cited by 48,884 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China
Guan, W.-J., Ni, Z.-Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-H., Ou, C.-Q., He, J.-X., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C.-L., Hui, D. S. C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2002032 · Cited by 30,246 · see citing works
(2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200005043421801 · Cited by 12,941 · see citing works
Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Xia, J., Liu, H., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Yu, Z., Fang, M., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30079-5 · Cited by 10,066 · see citing works
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Ards Definition Task Force (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.5669 · Cited by 8,806 · see citing works
Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Xu, Z., Shi, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, L., Zhang, C., Liu, S., Zhao, P., Liu, H., Zhu, L., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30076-x · Cited by 8,545 · see citing works
Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19
Ackermann, M., Verleden, S. E., Kuehnel, M., Haverich, A., Welte, T., Laenger, F., Vanstapel, A., Werlein, C., Stark, H., Tzankov, A., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2015432 · Cited by 5,613 · see citing works
COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatments for different phenotypes?
Gattinoni, L., Chiumello, D., Caironi, P., Busana, M., Romitti, F., Brazzi, L., & Camporota, L. (2020) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-020-06033-2 · Cited by 1,858 · see citing works
COVID-19 Does Not Lead to a “Typical” Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Gattinoni, L., Coppola, S., Cressoni, M., Busana, M., Rossi, S., & Chiumello, D. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202003-0817le · Cited by 1,396 · see citing works
Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective
Mason, R. J. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.00607-2020 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Aerosolized Surfactant in Adults with Sepsis-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Anzueto, A., Baughman, R. P., Guntupalli, K. K., Weg, J. G., Wiedemann, H. P., Artigas, A., Lemaire, F., Long, W. A., Zaccardelli, D., & Pattishall, E. N. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199605303342201 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Early versus delayed selective surfactant treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Bahadue, F. L., & Soll, R. F. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001456.pub2 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Chen, L., Sorbo, L. D., Grieco, D. L., Junhasavasdikul, D., Rittayamai, N., Soliman, I., Sklar, M. C., Rauseo, M., Ferguson, N. D., Fan, E., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201902-0334oc · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome with Recombinant Surfactant Protein C Surfactant
Spragg, R. G., Lewis, J. F., Wurst, W., Häfner, D., Baughman, R. P., Wewers, M. D., & Marsh, J. J. (2003) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200207-782oc · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Recruitment Maneuvers and PEEP Titration
HESS, D. R. (2015) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.04409 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Surfactant Therapy for Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Raghavendran, K., Willson, D. F., & Notter, R. H. (2011) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2011.04.005 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Distribution of surfactant and ventilation in surfactant-treated preterm lambs
Ueda, T., Ikegami, M., Rider, E. D., & Jobe, A. H. (1994) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1994.76.1.45 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationThree-dimensional model of surfactant replacement therapy
Filoche, M., Tai, C.-F., & Grotberg, J. B. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1504025112 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
WALMRATH, D., Grimminger, F., Pappert, D., Knothe, C., Obertacke, U., Benzing, A., Günther, A., Schmehl, T., Leuchte, H. H., & Seeger, W. (2002) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.02.00243402 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Günther, A., Schmidt, R., Harodt, J., Schmehl, T., WALMRATH, D., Ruppert, C., Grimminger, F., & Seeger, W. (2002) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.02.00243302 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The adult respiratory distress syndrome: first trials with surfactant replacement.
Richman, P., Spragg, R. G., Robertson, B., Merritt, T. A., & Curstedt, T. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Meng, S., Chang, W., Lu, Z., Xie, J., Qiu, H., Yang, Y., & Guo, F. (2019) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-018-0761-y · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Surfactant for Pediatric Acute Lung Injury
Willson, D. F., Chess, P. R., & Notter, R. H. (2008) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2008.02.016 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Grotberg, J. B., Filoche, M., Willson, D. F., Raghavendran, K., & Notter, R. H. (2017) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201607-1401le · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Dosing and Delivery of a Recombinant Surfactant in Lung-injured Adult Sheep
Lewis, J. F., McCaig, L., Häfner, D., Spragg, R. G., Veldhuizen, R. A. W., & Kerr, C. L. (1999) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.3.9806069 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Dushianthan, A., Goss, V. M., Cusack, R., Grocott, M. P. W., & Postle, A. D. (2014) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-014-0128-8 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Spengler, D., Winoto‐Morbach, S., Kupsch, S., Vock, C., Blöchle, K., Frank, S., Rintz, N., Diekötter, M., Janga, H., Weckmann, M., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00128.2017 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ahlström, J. Z., Massaro, F., Mikolka, P., Feinstein, R. E., Perchiazzi, G., Basabe-Burgos, O., Curstedt, T., Larsson, A., Johansson, J., & Rising, A. (2019) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-019-1220-x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Guerin, C., Gaillard, S., Lemasson, S., Ayzac, L., Girard, R., Beuret, P., Palmier, B., Le, Q. V., Sirodot, M., Rosselli, S., et al. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.19.2379 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Surfactant Replacement Therapy in ARDS: Response
Spragg, R. G., Taut, F. J. H., Günther, A., & Rippin, G. (2009) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.09-0787 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Surfactant Replacement Therapy in ARDS
Wise, M. P., Saayman, A. G., & Frost, P. J. (2009) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.08-2672 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Non-Ionic Surfactants for Stabilization of Polymeric Nanoparticles for Biomedical Uses
Cortés, H., Hernández‐Parra, H., Bernal-Chávez, S. A., Prado-Audelo, M. L. D., Caballero-Florán, I. H., Borbolla‐Jiménez, F. V., González‐Torres, M., Magaña, J. J., & Leyva‐Gómez, G. (2021) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma14123197 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
D’Agnillo, F., Walters, K.-A., Xiao, Y., Sheng, Z.-M., Scherler, K., Park, J., Gygli, S., Rosas, L. A., Sadtler, K., Kalish, H., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abj7790 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Pulmonary Surfactant: A Mighty Thin Film
Possmayer, F., Zuo, Y. Y., Veldhuizen, R. A. W., & Petersen, N. O. (2023) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00146 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
An overview on the treatments and prevention against COVID-19
Panahi, Y., Gorabi, A. M., Talaei, S., Beiraghdar, F., Akbarzadeh, A., Tarhriz, V., & Mellatyar, H. (2023) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/s12985-023-01973-9 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Alveolar Type II Cells and Pulmonary Surfactant in COVID-19 Era
Čalkovská, A., Kolomaznik, M., & Čalkovský, V. (2021) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.934763 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Common Molecular Pathways Between Post-COVID19 Syndrome and Lung Fibrosis: A Scoping Review
Bergantini, L., Mainardi, A., d’Alessandro, M., Cameli, P., Bennett, D., Bargagli, E., & Sestini, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.748931 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mechanistic Understanding of Lung Inflammation: Recent Advances and Emerging Techniques
Keskinidou, C., Vassiliou, A. G., Dimopoulou, I., Kotanidou, Α., & Orfanos, S. E. (2022) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s282695 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Cattel, F., Giordano, S., Bertiond, C., Lupia, T., Corcione, S., Scaldaferri, M., Angelone, L., & Rosa, F. G. D. (2021) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2021.103645 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Pulmonary surfactant as a versatile biomaterial to fight COVID-19
Herman, L., Smedt, S. C. D., & Raemdonck, K. (2021) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.023 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Pulmonary Surfactant Proteins Are Inhibited by Immunoglobulin A Autoantibodies in Severe COVID-19
Sinnberg, T. W., Lichtensteiger, C., Ali, O. H., Pop, O. T., Jochum, A.-K., Risch, L., Brugger, S. D., Velić, A., Bomze, D., Kohler, P. P., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202201-0011oc · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Dhege, C. T., Kumar, P., & Choonara, Y. E. (2024) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124182 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 and pathological matrix remodeling mediators
Guizani, I., Fourti, N., Zidi, W., Feki, M., & Elasmi, M. (2021) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-021-01487-6 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Avdeev, S. N., Трушенко, Н. В., Chikina, S. Y., Tsareva, N. A., Мержоева, З. М., Yaroshetskiy, A. I., Sopova, V. I., Sopova, M. I., Rosenberg, O. A., SCHERMULY, R. T., et al. (2021) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106489 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Babajani, A., Moeinabadi‐Bidgoli, K., Niknejad, F., Rismanchi, H., Shafiee, S., Shariatzadeh, S., Jamshidi, E., Farjoo, M. H., & Niknejad, H. (2022) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-022-02794-3 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The Role of Alveolar Edema in COVID-19
Yuan, S., Jiang, S., Zhang, Z.-W., Fu, Y., Hu, J., & Li, Z.-L. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10081897 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ciutara, C. O., Iasella, S. V., Huang, B., Barman, S., & Zasadzinski, J. A. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2309900120 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 in patients with COVID-19
Sazgarnejad, S., Yazdanpanah, N., & Rezaei, N. (2022) · Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy · doi:10.1080/14787210.2021.1964955 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Baindara, P., Chowdhury, T., Dinata, R., Mandal, M., & Mandal, S. M. (2023) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2023.2196694 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Capillary instability of a two-layer annular film: an airway closure model
Erken, O., Romanò, F., Grotberg, J. B., & Muradoğlu, M. (2022) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2021.1126 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ruaro, B., Confalonieri, P., Pozzan, R., Tavano, S., Mondini, L., Baratella, E., Pagnin, A., Lerda, S., Geri, P., Biolo, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11133577 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Pulmonary Pharmacokinetics of Polymer Lung Surfactants Following Pharyngeal Administration in Mice
Kim, S., Fesenmeier, D. J., Park, S., Torregrosa‐Allen, S. E., Elzey, B. D., & Won, Y. (2022) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00221 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Dushianthan, A., Clark, H. W., Brealey, D. A., Pratt, D., Fink, J. B., Madsen, J., Moyses, H. E., Matthews, L., Hussell, T., Djukanović, R., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-47672-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Progressive membrane-binding mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 variant spike proteins
Overduin, M., Kervin, T. A., & Tran, A. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104722 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Nanoparticle-mediated surfactant therapy in patients with severe COVID-19: a perspective
Wu, Y., Li, X., Gan, Y., & Zhao, C. (2021) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d1tb00730k · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Surfactant replacement therapy as promising treatment for COVID-19: an updated narrative review
Khudadah, K., Ramadan, A., Othman, A., Refaey, N., Elrosasy, A., Rezkallah, A., Heseba, T., Moawad, M. H. E. D., Mektebi, A., Elejla, S. A., et al. (2023) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20230504 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hoque, M. A., Mahbub, S., Khan, J. M., Joy, M. T. R., Khan, M. A., Kumar, D., Ahmad, A., & Ahmed, M. Z. (2021) · Molecular Physics · doi:10.1080/00268976.2021.2011455 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Surfactant-based therapy against COVID-19: A review
Rahaman, S. M., Chowdhury, B., Acharjee, A., Singh, B., & Saha, B. (2021) · Tenside Surfactants Detergents · doi:10.1515/tsd-2021-2382 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Xu, X., Li, G., Sun, B., & Zuo, Y. Y. (2022) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01998 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Bastani, M., & Jalilian, S. (2024) · Immunity Inflammation and Disease · doi:10.1002/iid3.1302 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Advanced nanotherapies for precision treatment of inflammatory lung diseases
Qi, Y., Yang, B., Ouyang, H., Wang, X. D., Li, C., Li, L., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.07.028 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Fishchuk, L., Rossokha, Z. I., Pokhylko, V. I., Cherniavska, Y. I., Popova, O., Vershyhora, V., Kovtun, S., & Горовенко, Н. Г. (2022) · Respiratory Investigation · doi:10.1016/j.resinv.2022.10.008 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mikolka, P., Košútová, P., Kolomaznik, M., NEMCOVA, N., Hanusrichterová, J., Curstedt, T., Johansson, J., & Čalkovská, A. (2024) · Lung · doi:10.1007/s00408-024-00689-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Insights Gained Into the Treatment of COVID19 by Pulmonary Surfactant and Its Components
Li, D., Wang, X., Liao, Y., Wang, S., Shan, J., & Ji, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.842453 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Computational pulmonary edema: A microvascular model of alveolar capillary and interstitial flow
Grotberg, J. B., & Romanò, F. (2023) · APL Bioengineering · doi:10.1063/5.0158324 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mikolka, P., KOSUTOVA, P., Kolomaznik, M., MATEFFY, S., NEMCOVA, N., Mokrá, D., & Čalkovská, A. (2022) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549//physiolres.935003 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Adsorption of Pulmonary and Exogeneous Surfactants on SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
Santo, K. P., & Neimark, A. V. (2022) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.121 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Computational pulmonary edema: A microvascular model of alveolar capillary and interstitial flow
Grotberg, J. B., & Romanò, F. (2022) · APL Bioengineering · doi:10.1063/5.0109107 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
RetractedRecent Advances in the Design of Colorimetric Sensors Based on Gold Nanoparticles
Grueso, E., Giráldez‐Pérez, R. M., & Prado‐Gotor, R. (2022) · Advances in material research and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-11996-5_16 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kim, S., Park, S., Fesenmeier, D. J., & Won, Y. (2023) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123476 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Significance of Lipids for the Absorption and Release of Oxygen in Biological Organisms
Morelli, A. M., & Scholkmann, F. (2023) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-42003-0_16 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Jacob, I. B., Lawal, A. O., Mahmoud, S. S., Kopsack, E. M., Reynolds, E. S., Meng, Q., Fan, H., Massa, P. T., Thangamani, S., Jia, H., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1462278 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The exogenous surfactant pre-treatment attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury in adult rats
Chirico, R. N., de Matos, N. A., Castro, T. D. F., Cândido, L. D. S., Miranda, A. G., Costa, G. D. P., Talvani, A., Cangussú, S. D., Brochard, L. J., & Bezerra, F. S. (2022) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2022.103911 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mylavarapu, M., Dondapati, V. V. K., Dadana, S., Sharma, D., & Bollu, B. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.56238 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Moving on from clinical animal-derived surfactants to peptide-based synthetic pulmonary surfactant
Walther, F. J., & Waring, A. J. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00186.2024 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Qaisrani, M. N., Belousov, R., Rehman, J. U., Goliaei, E. M., Girotto, I., Franklin-Mergarejo, R., Güell, O., Hassanali, A. A., & Roldán, É. (2021) · The European Physical Journal E · doi:10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00137-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Barlang, L.-A., Deimel, I., Mohl, B.-P., Blaurock, C., Balkema‐Buschmann, A., Weinbender, K., Hess, B., Obernolte, H., Merkel, O. M., & Popp, A. (2024) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106744 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Lung Surfactant Protein B Peptide Mimics Interact with the Human ACE2 Receptor
Waring, A. J., Jung, G. C.-L., Sharma, S. K., & Walther, F. J. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241310837 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Role of surfactant in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary pathology
Анатольевич, Х. М., Rudakov, Y. V., Салухов, В. В., & Игоревич, В. Н. (2023) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/ms2023-340 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Biophysical mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced surfactant inhibition
Li, G., Xu, X., Sun, B., & Zuo, Y. Y. (2025) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2025.09.028 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gedge, D. A., Chilcott, R. P., & Williams, J. (2022) · Prehospital and Disaster Medicine · doi:10.1017/s1049023x22000917 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yousefbeigi, S., & Marsusi, F. (2023) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.2023.2283158 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Behrouzi, A., Sakhaee, F., Jajin, M. G., Ahmadi, I., Anvari, E., Sotoodehnejadnematalahi, F., & Fateh, A. (2024) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156775 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Large-Scale Dewetting via Surfactant-Laden Droplet Impact
Ni, Z., Chu, F., Feng, Y., Yao, S., & Wen, D. (2021) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02456 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
COVID-19: Opportunities to Improve Prognosis
Avdeev, S. N. (2022) · Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1134/s1019331622040025 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Олеговна, В. О., Nikolaeva, N. A., Бурхановна, А. Г., Евгеньевна, Б. О., Rogova, E. F., & Belenkov, Y. N. (2025) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/ms2025-229 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Briones‐Claudett, K. H., Briones-Claudett, M. H., Huilcapi, C. K. B., Villamar, O. E. T., Vásquez, R. O., Salas, C. D. R. R., Briones-Zamora, K. H., Solis, J. G. B., Márquez, D. C. B., Freire, A. X., et al. (2024) · SAGE Open Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1177/2050313x241236313 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Role of the surfactant in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infections
Guevara, N., & Sotello, D. (2022) · The Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles · doi:10.12746/swrccc.v10i43.1041 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nebulized Therapeutics for COVID-19 Pneumonia in Critical Care
Dhanani, J., & Reade, M. C. (2022) · Annual update in intensive care and emergency medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-93433-0_7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Role of Pulmonary Surfactant in COVID-19 Understanding
Ettarhouni, Z. O., & Mezoughi, A. B. (2021) · International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry · doi:10.9734/irjpac/2021/v22i630413
The potential role of bromhexine in COVID-19 – Has a possible new candidate been “coughed” up?
Pillay, T., & Strydom, M. (2021) · South African General Practitioner · doi:10.36303/sagp.2021.2.5.0092
Samadder, S. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.09.19.22280133
A Multi-Scale Computer Model of Mechanical Ventilation for COVID-19 Patients
Middleton, S., Dimbath, E. D., Maddipati, V., Peach, M. S., Ju, A. W., George, S., & Vadati, A. (2023) · Journal of Multiscale Modelling · doi:10.1142/s1756973723500105
Molecular Mechanisms of Sars-Cov-2-Induced Surfactant InhibitionPreprint
Li, G., Xu, X., Sun, B., & Zuo, Y. Y. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4783817
Keith, P. D., Choe, C. H., Rikard, B., Stoudemire, K., Guffey, A., & Scott, L. K. (2024) · Intensive Care Research · doi:10.1007/s44231-024-00063-w
Bliznova, I. V., Tolmacheva, L. N., Сергеевна, Д. М., & Bontsevich, R. A. (2024) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/ms2024-479
The role of exogenous surfactant in the treatment of respiratory viral infections
Chikina, S. Y. (2025) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/ms2025-115
Huang, Y.-C. T., Morris, P. E., Owens, R. L., Guardia, C. G., Keller, S. P., Belloso, W. H., Weinstein, L., Simmons, P. D., & Simonson, S. G. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/77315
Surfactant nebulization in severe COVID-19: Tracheal aspirate phospholipid turnover and metabolism
Postle, A. D., Clark, H. W., Fink, J., Madsen, J., Koster, G., Panchal, M. H., Matthews, L., Berry, L., Djukanović, R., Brealey, D. A., et al. (2026) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2026.159731
Shah, K. A., Razzaq, A., Dormocara, A., Elbehairi, S. E. I., Shati, A. A., Alfaifi, M. Y., Iqbal, H., & Cui, J.-H. (2026) · Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1186/s43094-026-00962-3
Reassessing adult surfactant replacement therapy with mechanics-informed reinforcement learning
Méliga, P., Roncin, G., PEÑARANDA, A. Y., & Hachem, E. (2026) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014629
- Authors
- Piva, S., DiBlasi, R. M., Slee, A. E., Jobe, A. H., Roccaro, A. M., Filippini, M., Latronico, N., Bertoni, M., Marshall, J. C., & Portman, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia (IT)
- Seattle Children's Hospital (US)
- University College London (GB)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Piva, Simone
- ORCID
- Venue
- Respiratory Research
- Published
- 2021-01-18
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 20-20
- ISSN
- 1465-9921 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-993X
- PMC
- PMC7812332
- OpenAlex
- W3118642755
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 16
- FWCI
- 9.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Respiratory Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, acute respiratory distress syndrome, exogenous surfactant therapy, natural surfactants, Curosurf, mechanical ventilation duration, 28-day mortality, off-label drug use, surfactant depletion
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Aged, Biological Products, Bronchoscopy, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Lung, Male, Middle Aged, Phospholipids, Pilot Projects, Pulmonary Surfactants, Respiration, Artificial, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
