Recurrent bacteremia with a hypermucoviscous Escherichia coli isolated from a patient with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: insights from a comprehensive genome-based analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common human pathogen, responsible for a broad spectrum of infections. Sites of infection can vary, but the hepato-biliary system is of particular concern due to the infection-associated formation of gallstones and the spread of pathogens from the bile ducts into the bloodstream. Case presentation: The presented case is striking, as the detected isolate showed a positive string test. This hypermucoviscous phenotype is atypical for E. coli and a particular feature of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) variants. Objectives: To provide new insights into the genomic background of an E. coli strain with an unusual hypermucoviscous phenotype using hybrid short- and long-read sequencing approaches. Results: Complete hybrid assemblies of the E. coli genome and plasmids were done and used for genome based typing. Isolate 537–20 was assigned to the multilocus sequence type ST88 and serotype O8:H4. The strain showed a close relationship to avian pathogenic strains. Analysis of the chromosome and plasmids revealed the presence of several virulence factors, such as the Conserved Virulence Plasmidic (CVP) region on plasmid 537-20_1, including several iron acquisition genes (sitABCD, iroABCDEN, iucABCD, hbd) and the iutA gene encoding the receptor of the siderophore aerobactin. The hypermucoviscous phenotype could be caused by encapsulation of putative K. pneumoniae origin. Conclusions: Hybrid sequencing enabled detailed genomic characterization of the hypermucoviscous E. coli strain, revealing virulence factors that have their putative origin in K. pneumoniae.
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The prophage HK639 does not encode any known toxins or virulence factors that could harm humans.
“It does not encode any known toxins or virulence factors that could harm humans [139].”
From Selection, Comparative Genomics, and Potential Probiotic Features of Escherichia coli 5C, a pks-Negative Strain Isolated from Healthy Infant Donor Feces (2026) · cites this paper as [139]
The Results and discussion section on chromosomal investigations identifies HK639 as an intact phage in the E. coli isolate, but does not describe what HK639 encodes. Searches for HK639 with toxins, virulence factors, and encoded genes found no passage establishing that it lacks factors harmful to humans. The paper’s lists of virulence factors and toxins concern the isolate’s chromosome and plasmids, not HK639 specifically. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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- Authors
- Neumann, B., Lippmann, N., Wendt, S., Karlas, T., Lübbert, C., Werner, G., Pfeifer, Y., & Schuster, C. F.
- Affiliations
- Robert Koch Institute (DE)
- University Hospital Leipzig (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Neumann, Bernd
- Schuster, Christopher F.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials
- Published
- 2022-06-24
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 28-28
- ISSN
- 1476-0711 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9233328
- OpenAlex
- W4283373837
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 1.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Publication server of the Robert Koch Institute (Robert Kock Institute) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Robert Koch-Institut
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Escherichia coli research studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research
- Keywords
- recurrent bacteremia, hilar cholangiocarcinoma, hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae, string test, avian pathogenic E. coli, iron acquisition genes, aerobactin, siderophore receptors, plasmids, virulence factors, hybrid genome assembly
- MeSH terms
- Bile Duct Neoplasms, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Infections, Humans, Klebsiella Infections, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Plasmids, Bacteremia, Klatskin Tumor, Virulence Factors
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