Early intervention influences positively quality of life as reported by prematurely born children at age nine and their parents; a randomized clinical trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The Tromsø Intervention Study on Preterms evaluates an early, sensitizing intervention given to parents of prematurely born children (birth-weight < 2000 g). The current study investigated the potential influence of the intervention on children's self-reported and parental proxy-reported quality of life (QoL) at children's age of nine. METHODS: Participants were randomized to either intervention (PI, n = 72) or preterm control (PC, n = 74) in the neonatal care unit, while healthy term-born infants were recruited to a term reference group (TR, n = 75). The intervention was a modified version of the Mother-Infant Transaction Program, and comprised eight one-hour sessions during the last week before discharge and four home visits at 1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks post-discharge. The two control groups received care in accordance with written guidelines drawn up at the hospital. Participants and parents reported QoL independently on the Kinder Lebensqualität Fragebogen (KINDL) questionnaire. Differences between groups were analyzed by SPSS; Linear Mixed Models and parent-child agreement were analyzed and compared by intra-class correlations within each group. RESULTS: On average, children in all groups reported high levels of well-being. The PI children reported better physical well-being than the PC children (p = 0.002). In all other aspects of QoL both the PI and the PC children reported at similar levels as the term reference group. PI parents reported better emotional wellbeing (p = 0.05) and a higher level of contentment in school (p = 0.003) compared with PC parents. Parent-child agreement was significantly weaker in the PI group than in the PC group on dimensions such as emotional well-being and relationships with friends (p < 0.05). PI parents reported QoL similar to parents of terms on all aspects except the subscale self-esteem, while PC parents generally reported moderately lower QoL than TR parents. CONCLUSIONS: This early intervention appears to have generated long-lasting positive effects, improving perceived physical well-being among prematurely born children and parent's perception of these children's QoL in middle childhood. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials Gov NCT00222456 .
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Children in the intervention group had higher relationships with friends than the control group.
“Parental proxy report showed that children in the intervention group had higher emotional well-being, contentment in school, and relationships with friends than in the control group (Landsem et al., 2015).”
From Scoping review of interventions to support families with preterm infants post-NICU discharge (2022) · cites this paper as Landsem et al., 2015
The Results section on parental proxy-reported quality of life reports higher emotional well-being and school scores for the intervention group than for the preterm control group. It does not report a higher friends score for the intervention group; the reported difference concerning friends is weaker parent–child agreement (Results, Agreement between children’s and proxy-reported QoL). (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredChildren in the intervention group had similar quality of life as the full-term reference group.
“Parental proxy report also demonstrated that children in the intervention group had similar quality of life as the full-term reference group and higher than the control group (Landsem et al., 2015).”
From Scoping review of interventions to support families with preterm infants post-NICU discharge (2022) · cites this paper as Landsem et al., 2015
The Results section reports that intervention-group parents rated their children’s quality of life similarly to full-term reference parents, except on self-esteem; that difference disappeared after adjustment. It also reports higher parental ratings than the preterm control group on emotional well-being and school, but only a trend for higher total quality of life. Thus the citing sentence overgeneralizes the control-group comparison. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredChildren in the intervention group had higher quality of life than the control group.
“Parental proxy report also demonstrated that children in the intervention group had similar quality of life as the full-term reference group and higher than the control group (Landsem et al., 2015).”
From Scoping review of interventions to support families with preterm infants post-NICU discharge (2022) · cites this paper as Landsem et al., 2015
The Results section on parental proxy reports finds higher ratings for the intervention group than the preterm control group in emotional well-being and school-related quality of life. The difference in total quality of life was only a trend, so the unqualified claim of higher quality of life overstates the finding. The Results section comparing groups with term references reports broadly similar parental ratings for the intervention and term groups, with a self-esteem exception that disappeared after adjustment. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe long-term outcomes of post-discharge interventions included higher physical and emotional well-being in children at age 9.
“The long-term outcomes of post-discharge interventions included higher physical and emotional well-being in children at age 9 (Landsem et al., 2015).”
From Scoping review of interventions to support families with preterm infants post-NICU discharge (2022) · cites this paper as Landsem et al., 2015
The Results (Self-reported QoL; page unavailable) report higher physical well-being at age nine in children who received the intervention. The Results (Parental proxy reported QoL; page unavailable) report higher parent-rated emotional well-being, but no significant difference in children’s self-reported emotional well-being. The claim omits that distinction and presents both as higher well-being in the children. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCompared to the control group, children in the intervention group had higher physical well-being at age 9.
“Furthermore, compared to the control group, children in the intervention group had lower scores for internalizing behaviors at age 4 (Spencer-Smith et al., 2012) and higher physical well-being at age 9 (Landsem et al., 2015).”
From Scoping review of interventions to support families with preterm infants post-NICU discharge (2022) · cites this paper as Landsem et al., 2015
Children in the intervention group had higher contentment in school than the control group.
“Parental proxy report showed that children in the intervention group had higher emotional well-being, contentment in school, and relationships with friends than in the control group (Landsem et al., 2015).”
From Scoping review of interventions to support families with preterm infants post-NICU discharge (2022) · cites this paper as Landsem et al., 2015
Children in the intervention group had higher emotional well-being than the control group.
“Parental proxy report showed that children in the intervention group had higher emotional well-being, contentment in school, and relationships with friends than in the control group (Landsem et al., 2015).”
From Scoping review of interventions to support families with preterm infants post-NICU discharge (2022) · cites this paper as Landsem et al., 2015
The investigators examined the longitudinal effects of the post-NICU discharge intervention at age 4, 7 and 9.
“Additionally, the investigators examined the longitudinal effects of the post-NICU discharge intervention at age 4, 7 and 9 (Hauglann et al., 2015; Landsem et al., 2015; Spencer-Smith et al., 2012).”
From Scoping review of interventions to support families with preterm infants post-NICU discharge (2022) · cites this paper as Landsem et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Landsem, I., Handegård, B., Ulvund, S., Kaaresen, P., & Rønning, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital of North Norway (NO)
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway (NO)
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Landsem, Inger
- Venue
- Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 25
- ISSN
- 1477-7525 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4343051
- OpenAlex
- W2098464886
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 3.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- preterm birth, early intervention, quality of life, parent-infant interaction, home visits, physical well-being, emotional well-being, parent-child agreement, middle childhood, parental attitudes, self-esteem
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child Behavior, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mothers, Parents, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Parenting, Early Intervention, Educational, Early Medical Intervention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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