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Longitudinal changes in device-measured physical activity from childhood to young adulthood: the PANCS follow-up study

Husøy, Anders, Kolle, E., Steene-Johannessen, J., Dalene, K.E., Andersen, L. B., Ekelund, U., Anderssen, S. A.·2024·International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
DOI 10.1186/s12966-024-01578-7PMC PMC10916240
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Abstract

Background: There is a lack of longitudinal studies examining changes in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time from childhood to young adulthood. We aimed to assess changes in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time from childhood, through adolescence, into young adulthood in a Norwegian sample of ostensibly healthy men and women. Methods: A longitudinal cohort of 731 Norwegian boys and girls (49% girls) participated at age 9 years (2005–2006) and 15 years (2011–2012), and 258 of these participated again at age 24 years (2019–2021; including the COVID-19 pandemic period). Physical activity and sedentary time were measured using ActiGraph accelerometers. Linear mixed models were used to analyse changes in physical activity and sedentary time and whether low levels of childhood physical activity track, i.e., persist into young adulthood (n change =721; n tracking =640). Results: The most prominent change occurred between the ages of 9 to 15 years, with an increase in sedentary time (150 min/day) and less time spent in light (125 min/day), moderate (16 min/day), and vigorous physical activity (8 min/day). Only smaller changes were observed between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from childhood to young adulthood differed between subgroups of sex, tertiles of body mass index at baseline and tertiles of peak oxygen uptake at baseline. While the tracking models indicated low absolute stability of physical activity from childhood to young adulthood, children in the lowest quartiles of moderate-to-vigorous (OR:1.88; 95%CI: 1.23, 2.86) and total physical activity (OR: 1.87; 95%CI: 1.21, 2.87) at age 9 years were almost 90% more likely to be in these quartiles at age 24 years compared to those belonging to the upper three quartiles at baseline. Conclusions: We found a substantial reduction in physical activity and increase in time spent sedentary between age 9 and 15 years. Contrary to previous studies, using mainly self-reported physical activity, little change was observed between adolescence and young adulthood. The least active children were more likely to remain the least active adults and could be targeted for early intervention.

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Fig. 1 Flow chart of the inclusion process in the cross-sectional and longitudinal study arms of PANCS. PA: Physical activity. *Also included in the cross-sectional part of PANCS2. **1119 of the 1306 9-years-olds who participated in PANCS1 were identified and invited to participate again in PANCS2 as 15-year-olds
Fig. 1 Flow chart of the inclusion process in the cross-sectional and longitudinal study arms of PANCS. PA: Physical activity. *Also included in the cross-sectional part of PANCS2. **1119 of the 1306 9-years-olds who participated in PANCS1 were identified and invited to participate again in PANCS2 as 15-year-oldsCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Violin plot of average daily time spent sedentary and in different physical activity intensities from 9 to 24 years of age. Values are adjusted for sex, wear time, weekday to weekend wear ratio, and wear month of the accelerometer. Wider parts of the figures indicate more observations, and narrower parts indicate fewer observations. Quartiles are described by the solid, horizontal lines. LPA: Light physical activity; MPA: Moderate physical activity; VPA: Vigorous physical activity
Fig. 2 Violin plot of average daily time spent sedentary and in different physical activity intensities from 9 to 24 years of age. Values are adjusted for sex, wear time, weekday to weekend wear ratio, and wear month of the accelerometer. Wider parts of the figures indicate more observations, and narrower parts indicate fewer observations. Quartiles are described by the solid, horizontal lines. LPA: Light physical activity; MPA: Moderate physical activity; VPA: Vigorous physical activityCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Changes in daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) from 9 to 24 years of age, by subgroups of sex, VO2peak at baseline, body mass index at baseline, and parental income
Fig. 3 Changes in daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) from 9 to 24 years of age, by subgroups of sex, VO2peak at baseline, body mass index at baseline, and parental incomeCC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Husøy, A., Kolle, E., Steene-Johannessen, J., Dalene, K. E., Andersen, L. B., Ekelund, U., & Anderssen, S. A.
ORCID
Husøy, Anders
Venue
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2024-03-06
Volume
21
Issue
1
ISSN
1479-5868
DOI
10.1186/s12966-024-01578-7
PMC
PMC10916240
Cited by
26
References
2
Language
en
Licence
Funders
Norges Forskningsråd (#249932)

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Husøy, A., Kolle, E., Steene-Johannessen, J., Dalene, K. E., Andersen, L. B., Ekelund, U., & Anderssen, S. A. (2024). Longitudinal changes in device-measured physical activity from childhood to young adulthood: the PANCS follow-up study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-024-01578-7