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Factors associated with psychological distress, fear and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia

Open access
Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Hoque, Nazmul, Alif, Sheikh M., Salehin, Masudus, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Banik, Biswajit, Sharif, Ahmed, Nazim, Nashrin Binte, Sultana, Farhana, Cross, Wendy·2020·Globalization and Health
DOI 10.1186/s12992-020-00624-wPMC PMC7542573

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the personal, professional and social life of Australians with some people more impacted than others. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify factors associated with psychological distress, fear and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among residents in Australia, including patients, frontline health and other essential service workers, and community members during June 2020. Psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10); level of fear was assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S); and coping strategies were assessed using the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the extent of psychological distress, level of fear and coping strategies while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Among 587 participants, the majority (391, 73.2%) were 30-59 years old and female (363, 61.8%). More than half (349, 59.5%) were born outside Australia and two-third (418, 71.5%) completed at least a Bachelor's degree. The majority (401, 71.5%) had a source of income, 243 (42.3%) self-identified as a frontline worker, and 335 (58.9%) reported financial impact due to COVID-19. Comorbidities such as pre-existing mental health conditions (AOR 3.13, 95% CIs 1.12-8.75), increased smoking (8.66, 1.08-69.1) and alcohol drinking (2.39, 1.05-5.47) over the last four weeks, high levels of fear (2.93, 1.83-4.67) and being female (1.74, 1.15-2.65) were associated with higher levels of psychological distress. Perceived distress due to change of employment status (4.14, 1.39-12.4), alcohol drinking (3.64, 1.54-8.58), providing care to known or suspected cases (3.64, 1.54-8.58), being female (1.56, 1.00-2.45), being 30-59 years old (2.29, 1.21-4.35) and having medium to high levels of psychological distress (2.90, 1.82-5.62) were associated with a higher level of fear; while healthcare service use in the last four weeks was associated with medium to high resilience. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified individuals who were at higher risk of distress and fear during the COVID-19 pandemic specifically in the State of Victoria, Australia. Specific interventions to support the mental wellbeing of these individuals should be considered in addition to the existing resources within primary healthcare settings.

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutics. Saxena SK, editor. Lucknow, India: Springer; 2020.
  2. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). 2.3 Who is in the health workforce? Canberra: AIHW; 2018.

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Metadata

Authors
Rahman, M. A., Hoque, N., Alif, S. M., Salehin, M., Islam, S. M. S., Banik, B., Sharif, A., Nazim, N. B., Sultana, F., & Cross, W.
Affiliations
  • Federation University (AU)
  • Monash University (AU)
  • Deakin University (AU)
  • University of Science and Technology Chittagong (BD)
  • Telstra (Australia) (AU)
Corresponding author
Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
ORCID
Venue
Globalization and Health
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-10-08
Volume
16
Issue
1
Pages
95-95
ISSN
1744-8603 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12992-020-00624-w
PMC
PMC7542573
OpenAlex
W3092196547
Cited by
327
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 3
FWCI
26.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Globalization and Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • FedUni ResearchOnline (Federation University Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
COVID-19 pandemic, psychological distress, fear of COVID-19, coping strategies, resilient coping, frontline health workers, financial impact, employment status change, comorbidities, alcohol consumption, smoking, sex differences, Australia, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Brief Resilient Coping Scale
MeSH terms
Psychological Distress, COVID-19, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Australia, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral, Risk Factors, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics

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