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Combination strategies to maximize the benefits of cancer immunotherapy
Open accessAbstract
Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) have revolutionized cancer treatment, especially in patients whose disease was otherwise considered incurable. However, primary and secondary resistance to single agent immunotherapy often results in treatment failure, and only a minority of patients experience long-term benefits. This review article will discuss the relationship between cancer immune response and mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy. It will also provide a comprehensive review on the latest clinical status of combination therapies (e.g., immunotherapy with chemotherapy, radiation therapy and targeted therapy), and discuss combination therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. It will provide an overview of therapies targeting cytokines and other soluble immunoregulatory factors, ACT, virotherapy, innate immune modifiers and cancer vaccines, as well as combination therapies that exploit alternative immune targets and other therapeutic modalities. Finally, this review will include the stimulating insights from the 2020 China Immuno-Oncology Workshop co-organized by the Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON), the China National Medical Product Administration (NMPA) and Tsinghua University School of Medicine.
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“Accumulating evidence indicates that chemotherapy, radiotherapy, angiogenesis inhibitor, stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), epigenetic modulators, or other immunomodulators could synergize α-PD-1/PD-L1, by enhancing cancer antigen release, APC function, or effector activity [22–31].”
From Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhu, S., Zhang, T., Zheng, L., Liu, H., Song, W., Liu, D., Li, Z., & Pan, C.-X.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University (CN)
- Duke University (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- New York Medical College (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Zihai
- Pan, Chong-xian
- Venue
- Journal of Hematology & Oncology
- Published
- 2021-09-27
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 156-156
- ISSN
- 1756-8722 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8475356
- OpenAlex
- W3202901824
- Cited by
- 654
- References
- 318
- Citations by year
- 2026: 78 · 2025: 163 · 2024: 206 · 2023: 127 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 12.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Hematology & Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Touro Scholar (Touro College) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Tsinghua University
- National Cancer Institute (P50CA062924)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- cancer immunotherapy, combination therapy, immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive immunotherapy, immunotherapy resistance, cancer vaccines, virotherapy, cytokine-targeted therapy, combination chemotherapy, radiation therapy combination, combination targeted therapy
- MeSH terms
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Animals, Combined Modality Therapy, Humans, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Cancer Vaccines, Oncolytic Virotherapy
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