The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockers for treatment of cancer
Open accessAbstract
Targeting checkpoints of immune cell activation has been demonstrated to be the most effective approach for activation of anti-tumor immune responses. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), both inhibitory checkpoints commonly seen on activated T-cells have been found to be the most reliable targets for the treatment of cancer. Six drugs targeting PD-1 or its ligand PD-L1 and one drug targeting CTLA-4 have been approved for treatment of different types of cancers and several others are in advanced stages of development. The drugs when administered as monotherapy had dramatic increase in durable response rates and had manageable safety profile, but more than 50% of patients failed to respond to treatment. Combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockers was then evaluated to increase the response rates in patients, and ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) plus nivolumab (anti-PD-1) combination was shown to significantly enhance efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients. Subsequently, ipilimumab plus nivolumab was approved for treatment of metastatic melanoma, advanced renal cell carcinoma and metastatic colorectal cancer with MMR/MSI-H aberrations. The success of combination encouraged multiple clinical studies in other cancer types. Efficacy of the combination has been shown in a number of published studies and is under evaluation in multiple ongoing studies. This review aims to support future research in combination immunotherapy by discussing the basic details of CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways and the results from clinical studies that evaluated combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockers.
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Cited by
Llovet, J. M., Kelley, R. K., Villanueva, A., Singal, A. G., Pikarsky, E., Roayaie, S., Lencioni, R., Koike, K., Zucman-Rossi, J., & Finn, R. S. (2021) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-020-00240-3 · Cited by 7,055
Comprehensive review of targeted therapy for colorectal cancer
Xie, Y.-H., Chen, Y.-X., & Fang, J.-Y. (2020) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-020-0116-z · Cited by 1,687
Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy
Zhou, Y., Tao, L., Qiu, J., Xu, J., Yang, X., Zhang, Y., Tian, X., Guan, X., Cen, X., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2 · Cited by 720
Molecular pathogenesis and systemic therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma
Llovet, J. M., Pinyol, R., Kelley, R. K., El-Khoueiry, A., Reeves, H. L., Wang, X. W., Gores, G. J., & Villanueva, A. (2022) · Nature Cancer · doi:10.1038/s43018-022-00357-2 · Cited by 498
Emerging new therapeutic antibody derivatives for cancer treatment
Jin, S., Sun, Y., Liang, X., Gu, X., Ning, J., Xu, Y., Chen, S., & Pan, L. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00868-x · Cited by 459
Metadata
- Authors
- Rotte, A.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
- Published
- 2019-06-13
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 255-255
- ISSN
- 0392-9078 (ISSN-L)
- 1756-9966
- OpenAlex
- W2952065098
- Cited by
- 970
- References
- 41
- FWCI
- 39.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
