The use of TikTok among children and adolescents with Eating Disorders: experience in a third-level public Italian center during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Open accessAbstract
Background: Recent research has documented the potential associations existing between the use of social media (SM) and the occurrence/development and treatment of Eating Disorders (ED). However, the literature directly addressing the use of SM TikTok among children and adolescents with ED is still scarce. Methods: In January–February 2021, during the second Italian national lockdown due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, an anonymous paper survey was conducted in an Italian third-level center for ED in childhood and adolescence. Demographics, frequency of use of TikTok, frequently viewed topics and hashtags, experienced body-shaming, as well as the use of TikTok (active search, use of proposed contents) and perceived influences of this SM on eating attitudes and self-esteem were assessed. Groups of patients with different perceived SM-induced effects were compared to determine the frequency of their interaction with 3 specific contents (diet, Pro-Anorexia Nervosa (pro-Ana) and pro-ED recovery). Results: Seventy-eight patients (93.6% females, mean age 14.5 ± 2.1 years) were enrolled in the study. For 62.8%, TikTok represented the main SM, used for 1.4 ± 1.0 h/day, with diet (21.8%) as the most frequently used topic category. Pro-Ana and pro-ED recovery contents (“#foryou” and “#edrecovery” as the most frequent, respectively) were both actively searched by patients and proposed by the SM in a significant number of cases. For 59.0%, using TikTok reduced self-esteem, while 26.9% reported TikTok-related significant changes in their daily lives, and 3.8% reported experiences of body-shaming. Patients describing a negative effect of TikTok on their self-esteem more frequently searched and browsed “diet” (p = 0.007) and pro-ED recovery (p = 0.007) contents. Positive qualitative feedback on the SM was also reported. Conclusions: This study documents the use of the SM TikTok among children and adolescents with ED. Individuals with a perceived negative effect of this SM on their self-esteem may show greater interaction with specific content. Further studies are needed to investigate the psychopathological factors influencing the relationship between ED and the use of SM.
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Many accounts describing users with conditions such as eating disorders, Tourette's Syndrome, Dissociative Identity Disorder, ADHD, and borderline personality disorder received millions of views on TikTok.
“Notably, many accounts describing the journeys of users with conditions such as eating disorders (ED), Tourette’s Syndrome, Dissociative Identity Disorder, Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and borderline personality disorder received millions of views [40–43].”
From Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes TikTok users sharing eating-disorder recovery experiences and personal stories. It does not report that these accounts received millions of views or address accounts about the other listed conditions. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTen studies differentiated the population between active and passive users, while only one conducted a content analysis of posts, hashtags, or videos.
“Given that, ten studies differentiated the population between active and passive users [42, 67, 70, 72, 74–79], while only one conducted a content analysis of the posts, hashtags, or videos [78].”
From Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
The Methods (Measures; page unavailable) describe a patient survey with open-ended questions about hashtags participants searched, and the Results (Hashtags and users’ comments; page unavailable) categorize and count those reported hashtags. This supports analysis of hashtag information, but not the claim that the study conducted a content analysis of TikTok posts or videos; the hashtags came from patient reports rather than a direct analysis of platform content. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMost of the review's studies reported negative effects of food-, diet- or weight-related contents on body image, increasing in users the perceived importance of their physical appearance to others.
“most of the review’s studies reported negative effects of food-, diet- or weight-related contents on body image [42, 71], increasing in users the perceived importance of their physical appearance to others [80].”
From Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
In Results > Hashtags and users’ comments (page unavailable), patients described videos about physical appearance as prompting comparisons and influencing beauty standards. The paper does not report that TikTok increased users’ perception that their appearance matters to others; its findings concern self-reported experiences among young patients with eating disorders. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPruccoli et al. reported that for 62.8% of the analyzed sample TikTok represented the preferred social media platform and was used for a mean of 1.4 ± 1.0 h/day.
“Specifically, Pruccoli et al. reported that for 62.8% of the analyzed sample TikTok represented the preferred SM platform and was used for a mean of 1.4 ± 1.0 h/day [42].”
From Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
Among included studies, only four reported data about total daily screen time, and four detailed the amount of time spent on TikTok.
“Among the included studies, only four reported data about total daily screen time [67–70], and four detailed the amount the time spent on TikTok [42, 67, 71, 72].”
From Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
Four of the included studies assessed wellbeing indicators, like creativity, innovation, life satisfaction, and health habits, while sixteen assessed mental disorder indicators such as depression, anxiety, stress or body image issues.
“Four of the studies [68, 75, 79, 80] assessed wellbeing indicators, like creativity, innovation, life satisfaction, and health habits, while sixteen assessed mental disorder indicators such as depression, anxiety, stress or body image issues [42, 67, 68, 70–73, 76–79, 81–85].”
From Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
Eleven studies used self-developed questionnaires for outcome evaluation, of which only six paired it with standardized measures.
“Eleven studies used self-developed questionnaires for outcome evaluation [42, 67–72, 74, 80–82], of which only six paired it with standardized measures [67–69, 71, 72, 80, 81].”
From Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
The analyzed effects of TikTok use included increased body image concerns and self-esteem issues.
“The analyzed effects encompassed lower life satisfaction [79], increased depressive symptoms [68], higher levels of anger and loneliness [72], risk of PTU [69, 83, 84], increased body image concerns, and self-esteem issues [42, 70, 80], as well as the rapid spreading of functional tic-like behaviors [76, 77].”
From Scrolling through adolescence: a systematic review of the impact of TikTok on adolescent mental health (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
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- Authors
- Pruccoli, J., De Rosa, M., Chiasso, L., Perrone, A., & Parmeggiani, A.
- Affiliations
- Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Parmeggiani, Antonia
- Venue
- Italian Journal of Pediatrics
- Published
- 2022-07-30
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 138-138
- ISSN
- 1720-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1824-7288
- PMC
- PMC9338669
- OpenAlex
- W4288748912
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 8.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Keywords
- TikTok, social media use, eating disorders, children and adolescents, body shaming, self-esteem, eating attitudes, COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Child, Communicable Disease Control, Female, Humans, Male, Pandemics, Social Media
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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