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Intravenous angiotensin II for the treatment of high-output shock (ATHOS trial): a pilot study
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Patients with distributive shock who require high dose vasopressors have a high mortality. Angiotensin II (ATII) may prove useful in patients who remain hypotensive despite catecholamine and vasopressin therapy. The appropriate dose of parenteral angiotensin II for shock is unknown. Methods: In total, 20 patients with distributive shock and a cardiovascular Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of 4 were randomized to either ATII infusion (N =10) or placebo (N =10) plus standard of care. ATII was started at a dose of 20 ng/kg/min, and titrated for a goal of maintaining a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 65 mmHg. The infusion (either ATII or placebo) was continued for 6 hours then titrated off. The primary endpoint was the effect of ATII on the standing dose of norepinephrine required to maintain a MAP of 65 mmHg. Results: ATII resulted in marked reduction in norepinephrine dosing in all patients. The mean hour 1 norepinephrine dose for the placebo cohort was 27.6 ± 29.3 mcg/min versus 7.4 ± 12.4 mcg/min for the ATII cohort ( P =0.06). The most common adverse event attributable to ATII was hypertension, which occurred in 20% of patients receiving ATII. 30-day mortality for the ATII cohort and the placebo cohort was similar (50% versus 60%, P =1.00). Conclusion: Angiotensin II is an effective rescue vasopressor agent in patients with distributive shock requiring multiple vasopressors. The initial dose range of ATII that appears to be appropriate for patients with distributive shock is 2 to 10 ng/kg/min. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01393782 . Registered 12 July 2011.
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“There are data from RCTs in specific conditions such as pneumonia (286-289), urinary tract infections (290), bacteremia (291, 292), and intraabdominal infections (293).”
From Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021. (2021) · cites this paper as [290]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“After a small, short-term pilot of 20 patients with vasodilatory (septic) shock 10 patients in each group which showed physiological efficacy without obvious safety issues [365]”
From Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [365]
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Petitjeans, F., Géloën, A., Pichot, C., Leroy, S., GHIGNONE, M., & Quintin, L. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10194569 · Cited by 17
Arterial blood pressure and heart rate regulation in shock state
DellaVolpe, J. D., Moore, J. E., & Pinsky, M. R. (2015) · Current Opinion in Critical Care · doi:10.1097/mcc.0000000000000239 · Cited by 15
Vasoactive Agents for Adult Septic Shock: An Update and Review
Dalimonte, M. A., DeGrado, J. R., & Anger, K. E. (2019) · Journal of Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1177/0897190019844124 · Cited by 15
Angiotensin II Brings More Questions Than Answers.
Farina, N., Bixby, A. L., & Alaniz, C. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 15
The Role of Angiotensin II in Poisoning-Induced Shock—a Review
Chen, A., & Wong, A. (2022) · Journal of Medical Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s13181-022-00885-4 · Cited by 14
Priyanka, P., Chang, C.-C. H., Chawla, L. S., Kellum, J. A., Clermont, G., & Murugan, R. (2022) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000001980 · Cited by 14
Self-citationAngiotensin II (Giapreza): A Distinct Mechanism for the Treatment of Vasodilatory Shock
Khalique, S. C., & Ferguson, N. (2018) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000000247 · Cited by 14
Intensive care medicine in 2050: vasopressors in sepsis
Teboul, J., Duranteau, J., & Russell, J. A. (2017) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-017-4909-7 · Cited by 13
A Blast From the Past: Revival of Angiotensin II for Vasodilatory Shock
Bissell, B. D., Browder, K., McKenzie, M., & Flannery, A. H. (2018) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/1060028018767899 · Cited by 12
The use of angiotensin II for the management of distributive shock: expert consensus statements
Landoni, G., Cortegiani, A., Bignami, E., PASCALE, G. D., Donadello, K., Donati, A., Grasselli, G., Guarracino, F., Monti, G., Paternoster, G., et al. (2024) · Journal of Anesthesia Analgesia and Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s44158-024-00186-y · Cited by 12
ANGIOTENSIN II IN THE TREATMENT OF DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK: A SYSTEMATIC-REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Xourgia, E., Exadaktylos, A. K., Chalkias, A. F., & Ziaka, M. (2024) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000002384 · Cited by 11
Approach to Acute Kidney Injuries in the Emergency Department
Gaibi, T., & Ghatak‐Roy, A. (2019) · Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.emc.2019.07.006 · Cited by 11
Angiotensin II for the Treatment of Vasodilatory Shock — Promise and Caution
Dellinger, R. P., & Trzeciak, S. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme1706903 · Cited by 11
Kotani, Y., Ursoleo, J. D., Murru, C. P., & Landoni, G. (2024) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2024.04.010 · Cited by 10
Kotani, Y., Lezzi, M., Murru, C. P., Khanna, A. K., Zarbock, A., Bellomo, R., & Landoni, G. (2024) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2024.12.022 · Cited by 10
Wang, H., Das, S., Wieruszewski, P. M., Taji, J., Bartlett, B. N., Azad, N., Chowdhury, A., Kolar, G. J., Jain, N. K., Subla, M. R., et al. (2020) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.015 · Cited by 10
Roles of Angiotensin II as Vasopressor in Vasodilatory Shock
Lumlertgul, N., & Ostermann, M. (2020) · Future Cardiology · doi:10.2217/fca-2020-0019 · Cited by 10
The pharmacotherapeutic options in patients with catecholamine-resistant vasodilatory shock
Albertson, T. E., Chenoweth, J., Lewis, J., Pugashetti, J. V., Sandrock, C. E., & Morrissey, B. M. (2022) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2022.2110067 · Cited by 11
Angiotensin II - A Brief Review and Role in Severe SARS-COV-2 Sepsis
Carà, G. A., Pasin, L., Alborino, E., Zarbock, A., Bellomo, R., & Landoni, G. (2022) · Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2022.07.022 · Cited by 10
Major publications in the critical care pharmacotherapy literature: January–December 2017
Hammond, D. A., Baumgartner, L. J., Cooper, C. M., Donahey, E. E., Harris, S. A., Mercer, J. M., Morris, M., Patel, M. K., Plewa-Rusiecki, A. M., Poore, A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.02.012 · Cited by 9
McDonald, R., Burns, M., Wong, A., Smith, C. E., Ostermann, M., & Hutchings, S. (2025) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-025-05573-7 · Cited by 9
An, H. M., Hu, Z., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Shi, J., & Han, L. (2021) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-21-621 · Cited by 9
Circulatory shock in adults in emergency department
Pannu, A. K. (2023) · Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.4103/2452-2473.367400 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- Chawla, L. S., Busse, L., Brasha-Mitchell, E., Davison, D., Honiq, J., Alotaibi, Z., & Seneff, M. G.
- Affiliations
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Inova Fairfax Hospital (US)
- Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Chawla, Lakhmir S
- Venue
- Critical Care
- Published
- 2014-10-06
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 534-534
- ISSN
- 1364-8535 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4212099
- OpenAlex
- W2031987490
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 8.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Critical Care (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- George Washington University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Trauma, Hemostasis, Coagulopathy, Resuscitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- angiotensin II, distributive shock, 30-day mortality
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Angiotensin II, Blood Pressure, Cardiac Output, Catecholamines, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Norepinephrine, Pilot Projects, Shock, Septic, Vasoconstrictor Agents, Treatment Outcome, Administration, Intravenous
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