Mutational signature distribution varies with DNA replication timing and strand asymmetry
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
BACKGROUND: DNA replication plays an important role in mutagenesis, yet little is known about how it interacts with other mutagenic processes. Here, we use somatic mutation signatures-each representing a mutagenic process-derived from 3056 patients spanning 19 cancer types to quantify the strand asymmetry of mutational signatures around replication origins and between early and late replicating regions. RESULTS: We observe that most of the detected mutational signatures are significantly correlated with the timing or direction of DNA replication. The properties of these associations are distinct for different signatures and shed new light on several mutagenic processes. For example, our results suggest that oxidative damage to the nucleotide pool substantially contributes to the mutational landscape of esophageal adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Together, our results indicate an interaction between DNA replication, the associated damage repair, and most mutagenic processes.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
SBS17 was likely the primary cause for Q61H mutations in PAAD.
“SBS17, also of uncertain etiology though linked to oxidative stress in other cancers33, was likely the primary cause for Q61H mutations in PAAD”
From The origins and genetic interactions of KRAS mutations are allele- and tissue-specific (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome
The ENCODE Project Consortium (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11247 · Cited by 18,072 · see citing works
Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer
Initiative, A. P. C. G., Alexandrov, L. B., ICGC Breast Cancer Consortium, ICGC MMML-Seq Consortium, PedBrain, I., Nik-Zainal, S., Wedge, D. C., Aparicio, S. A. J. R., Behjati, S., Biankin, A. V., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12477 · Cited by 9,660 · see citing works
Mutational heterogeneity in cancer and the search for new cancer-associated genes
Lawrence, M. S., Stojanov, P., Polak, P., Kryukov, G. V., Cibulskis, K., Sivachenko, A., Carter, S. L., Stewart, C., Mermel, C. H., Roberts, S. A., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12213 · Cited by 5,461 · see citing works
Ammonia as a case study for the spontaneous ionization of a simple hydrogen-bonded compound
Palasyuk, T., Troyan, I. A., Eremets, M. I., Drozd, V., Medvedev, S. A., Zaleski‐Ejgierd, P., Magos–Palasyuk, E., Wang, H., Bonev, S., Dudenko, D., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4460 · Cited by 3,235 · see citing works
Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions
Tomasetti, C., & Vogelstein, B. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1260825 · Cited by 1,927 · see citing works
Strelka: accurate somatic small-variant calling from sequenced tumor–normal sample pairs
Saunders, C. T., Wong, W. S. W., Swamy, S., Becq, J., Murray, L. J., & Cheetham, R. K. (2012) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts271 · Cited by 1,589 · see citing works
Deciphering Signatures of Mutational Processes Operative in Human Cancer
Alexandrov, L. B., Nik‐Zainal, S., Wedge, D. C., Campbell, P. J., & Stratton, M. R. (2013) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2012.12.008 · Cited by 1,277 · see citing works
Rosenthal, R., McGranahan, N., Herrero, J., Taylor, B. S., & Swanton, C. (2016) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-016-0893-4 · Cited by 1,217 · see citing works
Wang, K., Yuen, S. T., Xu, J., Lee, S. P., Yan, H. H. N., Shi, S. T., Siu, H. C., Deng, S., Chu, K. M., Law, S., et al. (2014) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2983 · Cited by 1,045 · see citing works
Mechanisms underlying mutational signatures in human cancers
Helleday, T., Eshtad, S., & Nik‐Zainal, S. (2014) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3729 · Cited by 841 · see citing works
Dulak, A. M., Stojanov, P., Peng, S., Lawrence, M. S., Fox, C., Stewart, C., Bandla, S., Imamura, Y., Schumacher, S. E., Shefler, E., et al. (2013) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2591 · Cited by 736 · see citing works
The fidelity of DNA synthesis by eukaryotic replicative and translesion synthesis polymerases
McCulloch, S. D., & Kunkel, T. A. (2008) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/cr.2008.4 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
DNA replication origin activation in space and time
Fragkos, M., Ganier, O., Coulombe, P., & Méchali, M. (2015) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm4002 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Besnard, E., Babled, A., Lapasset, L., Milhavet, O., Parrinello, H., Dantec, C., Marin, J.-M., & Lemaître, J.-M. (2012) · Nature Structural &Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsmb.2339 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Human mutation rate associated with DNA replication timing
Stamatoyannopoulos, J. A., Adzhubei, I. A., Thurman, R. E., Kryukov, G. V., Mirkin, S. M., & Sunyaev, S. R. (2009) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.363 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Secrier, M., Li, X., de Silva, N., Eldridge, M., Contino, G., Bornschein, J., MacRae, S., Grehan, N., O’Donovan, M., Miremadi, A., et al. (2016) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3659 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Mutational Strand Asymmetries in Cancer Genomes Reveal Mechanisms of DNA Damage and Repair
Haradhvala, N. J., Polak, P. P., Stojanov, P., Covington, K. R., Shinbrot, E., Hess, J. M., Rheinbay, E., Kim, J., Maruvka, Y. E., Braunstein, L. Z., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.050 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Shlien, A., Campbell, B. B., de Borja, R., Alexandrov, L. B., Merico, D., Wedge, D. C., Loo, P. V., Tarpey, P. S., Coupland, P. G., Behjati, S., et al. (2015) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3202 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Differential DNA mismatch repair underlies mutation rate variation across the human genome
Supek, F., & Lehner, B. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14173 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Genomic sequencing of colorectal adenocarcinomas identifies a recurrent VTI1A-TCF7L2 fusion
Bass, A. J., Lawrence, M. S., Brace, L. E., Ramos, A. H., Drier, Y., Cibulskis, K., Sougnez, C. L., Voet, D., Saksena, G., Sivachenko, A., et al. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.936 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Ross-Innes, C. S., Becq, J., Warren, A., Cheetham, R. K., Northen, H., O’Donovan, M., Malhotra, S., di Pietro, M., Ivakhno, S., He, M., et al. (2015) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3357 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Shinbrot, E., Henninger, E. E., Weinhold, N., Covington, K. R., Goksenin, A. Y., Schultz, N. D., Chao, H., Doddapaneni, H., Muzny, D. M., Gibbs, R. A., et al. (2014) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.174789.114 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Genomic catastrophes frequently arise in esophageal adenocarcinoma and drive tumorigenesis
Nones, K., Waddell, N., Wayte, N., Patch, A., Bailey, P. J., Newell, F., Holmes, O., Fink, J. L., Quinn, M. C. J., Tang, Y., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms6224 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Dvorak, K., Payne, C. M., Chavarria, M., Ramsey, L., Dvorakova, B., Bernstein, H., Holubec, H., Sampliner, R. E., Guy, N., Condon, A. J., et al. (2006) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2006.103697 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
The topography of mutational processes in breast cancer genomes
Morganella, S., Alexandrov, L. B., Głodzik, D., Zou, X., Davies, H. R., Staaf, J., Sieuwerts, A. M., Brinkman, A. B., Martin, S., Ramakrishna, M., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11383 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Tracking the Genomic Evolution of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma through Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Murugaesu, N., Wilson, G. A., Birkbak, N. J., Watkins, T. B. K., McGranahan, N., Kumar, S., Abbassi‐Ghadi, N., Salm, M., Mitter, R., Horswell, S. D., et al. (2015) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-0412 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Koren, A., Polak, P., Nemesh, J., Michaelson, J. J., Sebat, J., Sunyaev, S., & Mccarroll, S. (2012) · American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.018 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Lagging-strand replication shapes the mutational landscape of the genome
Reijns, M. A. M., Kemp, H., Ding, J., Marion de Procé, S., Jackson, A. P., & Taylor, M. S. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14183 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B Preferentially Deaminate the Lagging Strand Template during DNA Replication
Hoopes, J. I., Cortez, L. M., Mertz, T. M., Malc, E. P., Mieczkowski, P. A., & Roberts, S. A. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.021 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
The genome as a record of environmental exposure
Nik‐Zainal, S., Kucab, J. E., Morganella, S., Głodzik, D., Alexandrov, L. B., Arlt, V. M., Weninger, A., Hollstein, M. C., Stratton, M. R., & Phillips, D. H. (2015) · Mutagenesis · doi:10.1093/mutage/gev073 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Genome-wide kinetics of DNA excision repair in relation to chromatin state and mutagenesis
Adar, S., Hu, J., Lieb, J. D., & Sancar, A. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1603388113 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Seplyarskiy, V. B., Soldatov, R., Popadin, K. Y., Antonarakis, S. E., Bazykin, G. A., & Nikolaev, S. I. (2016) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.197046.115 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Waters, L. S., & Walker, G. C. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0510167103 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Mutation Rates across Budding Yeast Chromosome VI Are Correlated with Replication Timing
Lang, G. I., & Murray, A. W. (2011) · Genome Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/gbe/evr054 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
DNA Polymerases Divide the Labor of Genome Replication
Lujan, S. A., Williams, J. S., & Kunkel, T. A. (2016) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2016.04.012 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Evidence for Preferential Mismatch Repair of Lagging Strand DNA Replication Errors in Yeast
Pavlov, Y. I., Mian, I. M., & Kunkel, T. A. (2003) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00284-7 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Interpreting the Dependence of Mutation Rates on Age and Time
Gao, Z., Wyman, M. J., Sella, G., & Przeworski, M. (2016) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002355 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
DNA damage tolerance by recombination: Molecular pathways and DNA structures
Branzei, D., & Szakál, B. (2016) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.05.008 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Georgescu, R. E., Schauer, G. D., Yao, N. Y., Langston, L. D., Yurieva, O., Zhang, D., Finkelstein, J., & O’Donnell, M. E. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.04988 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Mismatch Repair Balances Leading and Lagging Strand DNA Replication Fidelity
Lujan, S. A., Williams, J. S., Pursell, Z. F., Abdulovic-Cui, A. A., Clark, A., McElhinny, S. A. N., & Kunkel, T. A. (2012) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003016 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Inoue, M., Kamiya, H., Fujikawa, K., Ootsuyama, Y., Murata‐Kamiya, N., Osaki, T., Yasumoto, K., & Kasai, H. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.18.11069 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Diamant, N., Hendel, A., Vered, I., Carell, T., Reißner, T., de Wind, N., Geacinov, N., & Livneh, Z. (2012) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkr596 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Suzuki, T., & Kamiya, H. (2016) · Genes and Environment · doi:10.1186/s41021-016-0051-y · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Foulk, M. S., Urban, J. M., Casella, C., & Gerbi, S. A. (2015) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.183848.114 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Noncanonical Role of the 9-1-1 Clamp in the Error-Free DNA Damage Tolerance Pathway
Karras, G. I., Fumasoni, M., Sienski, G., Vanoli, F., Branzei, D., & Jentsch, S. (2012) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.11.016 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
APOBEC3A damages the cellular genome during DNA replication
Green, A. M., Landry, S., Budagyan, K., Avgousti, D. C., Shalhout, S. Z., Bhagwat, A. S., & Weitzman, M. D. (2016) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.1080/15384101.2016.1152426 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Zhao, H., Thienpont, B., Yesilyurt, B. T., Moisse, M., Reumers, J., Coenegrachts, L., Sagaert, X., Schrauwen, S., Smeets, D., Matthijs, G., et al. (2014) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.02725 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Differential correction of lagging-strand replication errors made by DNA polymerases α and δ
McElhinny, S. A. N., Kissling, G. E., & Kunkel, T. A. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1013048107 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Free radicals and antioxidant systems in reflux esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus
Jiménez, P. (2005) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v11.i18.26 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Mutations in POLE and survival of colorectal cancer patients – link to disease stage and treatment
Stenzinger, A., Pfarr, N., Endris, V., Penzel, R., Jansen, L., Wolf, T. A., Herpel, E., Warth, A., Klauschen, F., Kloor, M., et al. (2014) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.305 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
DNA Polymerases at the Replication Fork in Eukaryotes
Stillman, B. (2008) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.04.011 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
McGregor, W. G., Dong, W., Maher, V. M., & McCormick, J. J. (1999) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.19.1.147 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
DNA bending facilitates the error‐free DNA damage tolerance pathway and upholds genome integrity
González‐Huici, V., Szakál, B., Urulangodi, M., Psakhye, I., Castellucci, F., Menolfi, D., Rajakumara, E., Fumasoni, M., Bermejo, R., Jentsch, S., et al. (2014) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/embj.201387425 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Mechanism of DNA damage tolerance
Bi, X. (2015) · World Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.4331/wjbc.v6.i3.48 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Tomková, M., McClellan, M. W., Kriaučionis, S., & Schuster‐Böckler, B. (2017) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.11.005 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of acid and bile reflux in oesophagitis and Barrett's metaplasia
Souza, R. F. (2010) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0380348 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Rashid, M., Fischer, A., Wilson, C. H., Tiffen, J. C., Rust, A. G., Stevens, P., Idziaszczyk, S., Maynard, J. H., Williams, G. T., Mustonen, V., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1002/path.4643 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Waisertreiger, I. S.-R., Liston, V. G., Menezes, M. R., Kim, H., Lobachev, K. S., Stepchenkova, E. I., Tahirov, T. H., Rogozin, I. B., & Pavlov, Y. I. (2012) · Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis · doi:10.1002/em.21735 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Erosive Reflux Disease Increases Risk for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma, Compared With Nonerosive Reflux
Erichsen, R., Robertson, D., Farkas, D. K., et al. (2012) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2011.12.038 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Mutagenic effects of 8-hydroxy-dGTP in live mammalian cells
Satou, K., Kawai, K., Kasai, H., Harashima, H., & Kamiya, H. (2007) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.024 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Andrianova, M. A., Bazykin, G. A., Nikolaev, S. I., & Seplyarskiy, V. B. (2017) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.219915.116 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Involvement of specialized DNA polymerases in mutagenesis by 8-hydroxy-dGTP in human cells
Satou, K., Hori, M., Kawai, K., Kasai, H., Harashima, H., & Kamiya, H. (2009) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2008.12.009 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Suzuki, T., Harashima, H., & Kamiya, H. (2010) · DNA Repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2010.02.004 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Importance of duodenogastric reflux in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Fein, M., Maroske, J., & Kh, F. (2006) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.5486 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Free radicals and antioxidant systems in reflux esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus
Jiménez, P., Piazuelo, E., Sánchez, M. T., et al. (2005) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v11.i18.2697 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The expression of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in oesophageal tissues and tumours
Räsänen, J. V., Sihvo, E. I. T., Ahotupa, M. O., et al. (2007) · European Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2007.03.003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mudrak, S., Welz-Voegele, C., & Jinks-Robertson, S. (2009) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00422-09 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kauppi, J. T., Räsänen, J. V., Sihvo, E. I. T., et al. (2016) · Translational Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2016.06.004 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kamiya, H. (2007) · Genes and Environment · doi:10.3123/jemsge.29.133 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Asymmetry of DNA replication and translesion synthesis of UV-induced thymine dimers
Cordeiro‐Stone, M., & Nikolaishvili‐Feinberg, N. (2002) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/s0027-5107(02)00255-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Do Mutational Dynamics in Stem Cells Explain the Origin of Common Cancers?
Crossan, G. P., Garaycoechea, J. I., & Patel, K. J. (2015) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2015.01.009 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Non mutagenic and mutagenic DNA damage tolerance
D’Souza, S., Yamanaka, K., & Walker, G. C. (2016) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.1080/15384101.2015.1132909 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tomková, M., McClellan, M. W., Kriaučionis, S., et al. (2018) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.02.008 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tomková, M., Schuster-Boeckler, B., Tomek, J., et al. (2018) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.6941456 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [71]Tomkova M Tomek J Kriaucionis S Schuster-Bockler B Mutational signature distribution varies with DNA replication timing and strand asymmetry. Source code. Bitbucket 2018 PMC6130095 30201020
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The genomics of oxidative DNA damage, repair, and resulting mutagenesis
Poetsch, A. R. (2020) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2019.12.013 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
The mutational footprints of cancer therapies
Pich, O., Muiños, F., Lolkema, M. P., Steeghs, N., Gonzalez-Perez, A., & Lopez-Bigas, N. (2019) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0525-5 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
The origins and genetic interactions of KRAS mutations are allele- and tissue-specific
Cook, J. H., Melloni, G. E. M., Gulhan, D. C., Park, P. J., & Haigis, K. M. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22125-z · Cited by 208 · see citing works
An integrative ENCODE resource for cancer genomics
Zhang, J., Lee, D., Dhiman, V., Jiang, P., Xu, J., McGillivray, P., Yang, H., Liu, J., Meyerson, W., Clarke, D., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14743-w · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Pich, O., Muiños, F., Sabarinathan, R., Reyes-Salazar, I., Gonzalez-Perez, A., & Lopez-Bigas, N. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.004 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tomkova, M., Tomek, J., Kriaucionis, S., & Schuster-Böckler, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- Genome Biology
- Published
- 2018-09-10
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 129-129
- ISSN
- 1465-6906 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-760X
- PMC
- PMC6130095
- OpenAlex
- W2890764841
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 4.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Genome biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (US)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (GB) (BB/M001873/1)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (GB) (EP/F500394/1)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/F500394/1)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Keywords
- mutational signatures, DNA replication timing, origin of replication, somatic mutations, oxidative DNA damage, esophageal adenocarcinoma, DNA repair
- MeSH terms
- DNA Repair, Esophageal Neoplasms, Humans, Mutagens, Mutation, Neoplasms, Mutagenesis, DNA Replication Timing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review