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Cited by 113Algal biology and biofuel productionBiofuel production and bioconversionMicrobial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction

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Co-production of biodiesel and bioethanol using psychrophilic microalga Chlamydomonas sp. KNM0029C isolated from Arctic sea ice

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Kim, Eun Jae, Kim, Sanghee, Choi, Han-Gu, Han, Se Jong·2020·Biotechnology for Biofuels
DOI 10.1186/s13068-020-1660-zPMC PMC6995180
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Abstract

Background: Biofuels, generated using microalgae as sustainable energy, have received a lot of attention. Microalgae can be cultivated at low cost with CO 2 and solar energy without competition from edible crops. Psychrophilic microalgae can be a suitable feedstock to produce biofuels without the environmental constraints of low temperatures, because they can grow below 10 °C. However, there is a lack of efficient strategies using psychrophilic microalgae to produce biodiesel and bioethanol. Therefore, the current study aimed to optimize the production of biodiesel and bioethanol from Arctic Chlamydomonas sp. KNM0029C at low temperatures. Results: After incubation in a 20-L photobioreactor, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was extracted using modified FAME extraction methods, producing a maximum yield of 0.16-g FAME/g KNM0029C. Residual biomass was pretreated for bioethanol production, and the yields from different methods were compared. The highest bioethanol yield (0.22-g/g residual biomass) was obtained by pretreatment with enzyme (amyloglucosidase) after sonication. Approximately 300-mg biofuel was obtained, including 156-mg FAME biodiesel and 144-mg bioethanol per g dried cells, representing the highest recorded yield from psychrophilic microalgae. Conclusions: This is the first to attempt at utilizing biomass from psychrophilic Arctic microalga Chlamydomonas sp. KNM0029C for the co-production of bioethanol and biodiesel, and it yielded the highest values among reported studies using psychrophilic organisms. These results can be used as a source for the efficient biofuel production using polar microalgae.

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Figures

Fig. 1 Optimal light intensity for efficient Chlamydomonas sp. KNM0029C growth. Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) from two independent replicates
Fig. 1 Optimal light intensity for efficient Chlamydomonas sp. KNM0029C growth. Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) from two independent replicatesCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Design of the 20-L photobioreactor for Arctic Chlamydomonas sp. KNM0029C incubation. a Blueprint of the designed photobioreactor. Components are labeled as follows: 1, filter; 2, valve; 3, 20-L polycarbonate tank; 4, LED bar; 5, air supply pump; 6, LED support panel; 7, AC/DC converter; 8, timer; 9, magnetic stirrer; 10, horizontal support structures; 11, vertical support structures; 12, pressure outlet; 13, screw cap; 14, air line; 15, sampling port; 16, air stone; 17, magnetic bar; 18, cooling water circulator (chiller); 19, copper pipe for cooling. b Design of the copper cooling pipe. c Image of the 20-L photobioreactor
Fig. 2 Design of the 20-L photobioreactor for Arctic Chlamydomonas sp. KNM0029C incubation. a Blueprint of the designed photobioreactor. Components are labeled as follows: 1, filter; 2, valve; 3, 20-L polycarbonate tank; 4, LED bar; 5, air supply pump; 6, LED support panel; 7, AC/DC converter; 8, timer; 9, magnetic stirrer; 10, horizontal support structures; 11, vertical support structures; 12, pressure outlet; 13, screw cap; 14, air line; 15, sampling port; 16, air stone; 17, magnetic bar; 18, cooling water circulator (chiller); 19, copper pipe for cooling. b Design of the copper cooling pipe. c Image of the 20-L photobioreactorCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Biochemical composition of Chlamydomonas sp. KNM0029C at 4 °C after incubation with modified TAP at 80 μmol photon m−2s−1. a Contents of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and other components. b Fatty acid composition (% total fatty acid) in lipids from KNM0029C
Fig. 3 Biochemical composition of Chlamydomonas sp. KNM0029C at 4 °C after incubation with modified TAP at 80 μmol photon m−2s−1. a Contents of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and other components. b Fatty acid composition (% total fatty acid) in lipids from KNM0029CCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 4 Comparison of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yields from biomass of KNM0029C using five different methods. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD from two independent replicates. DCW dry cell weight
Fig. 4 Comparison of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yields from biomass of KNM0029C using five different methods. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD from two independent replicates. DCW dry cell weightCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 5 Schematic illustration of the different hydrolysis methods used on the lipid-extracted polar microalgal biomass for bioethanol production. YPD yeast extract peptone dextrose medium
Fig. 5 Schematic illustration of the different hydrolysis methods used on the lipid-extracted polar microalgal biomass for bioethanol production. YPD yeast extract peptone dextrose mediumCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 6 Effects of different hydrolysis methods on bioethanol yield in polar microalgal biomass. Sonication (Soni.), acid, and amyloglucosidase enzyme (Enzy.) were used for pretreatment, and the pretreated biomass was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce ethanol. Data are shown as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. YPD yeast extract peptone dextrose
Fig. 6 Effects of different hydrolysis methods on bioethanol yield in polar microalgal biomass. Sonication (Soni.), acid, and amyloglucosidase enzyme (Enzy.) were used for pretreatment, and the pretreated biomass was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce ethanol. Data are shown as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. YPD yeast extract peptone dextroseCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 7 Conversion of biomass of Arctic Chlamydomonas sp. KNM0029C into biofuels
Fig. 7 Conversion of biomass of Arctic Chlamydomonas sp. KNM0029C into biofuelsCC BY · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Eshaq FS, Ali MN, Mohd MK. Spirogyra biomass a renewable source for biofuel (bioethanol) production. Int J Eng Sci Technol. 2010;2(12):7045–54.

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Metadata

Authors
Kim, E. J., Kim, S., Choi, H.-G., & Han, S. J.
Affiliations
Korea Polar Research Institute (KR)
Corresponding author
Han, Se Jong
ORCID
Venue
Biotechnology for Biofuels
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-02-01
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
20-20
ISSN
1754-6834 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s13068-020-1660-z
PMC
PMC6995180
OpenAlex
W3010865578
Cited by
113
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 12
FWCI
3.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Korea Polar Research Institute (PE19180, PE20150)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
Keywords
Arctic sea ice, biodiesel, bioethanol, co-production, fatty acid methyl esters, glucoamylase, sonication, low-temperature cultivation, photobioreactors, biofuel yield

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