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Cited by 38Parasites and Host InteractionsMollusks and Parasites StudiesParasitic Diseases Research and Treatment

Prevalence and intensity of genito-urinary schistosomiasis and associated risk factors among junior high school students in two local government areas around Zobe Dam in Katsina State, Nigeria

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Atalabi, Tolulope Ebenezer, Lawal, Umar, Ipinlaye, Simeon Johnson·2016·Parasites & Vectors
DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1672-5PMC PMC4936285
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The national burden of genito-urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria has been expressed by an estimate of 101.3 million people at risk with an alarming figure of 29 million infected. Report obtained from respondents about Praziquantel® distribution and the obviously prevalent haematuria without any control programme in place justified the need for data on the prevalence, intensity of infection and associated risk factors which were the objectives this cross-sectional survey sought to address. METHODS: A total of 718 students aged 10-23 years from the study area were surveyed between May and August, 2015. Data on socio-demographic and risk factors were obtained using structured questionnaires. Clean universal bottles with corresponding labels were offered for sample collection between 10:00 am and 13:30 pm. Centrifuged samples were microscopically examined and intensity of infection was recorded per 10 ml of each sample. RESULTS: Prevalence of genito-urinary schistosomiasis was 22.7 % with a mean intensity of 25.05 (± standard deviation, ± 71.51) eggs/10 ml of urine. Higher prevalence (19.5 %) and mean intensity (28.7 eggs/10 ml of urine) was recorded among boys. Sex (χ (2) = 77.065, P < 0.0001), age group 16-18 (χ (2) = 5.396, P = 0.0202), altitude (χ (2) = 8.083, P = 0.0045), unwholesome water sources (χ (2) = 27.148, P < 0.0001), human recreational activities (χ (2) = 122.437, P < 0.0001), mothers' occupation (χ (2) = 6.359, P = 0.0117), farming (χ (2) = 6.201, P = 0.0128) and other brown collar jobs (χ (2) = 4.842, P = 0.0278) in fathers' occupational category were found to be significantly associated with urogenital schistosomiasis. Boys were seven times more likely to be infected compared to girls [AOR (95 % CI): 7.3 (4.26-12.4)]. Age group 16-18 years was four times more likely to be infected compared to age group 10-12 years [AOR (95 % CI): 4.43 (2.62-7.49)]. Similarly, respondents with farming as fathers' occupation were twice more likely to be infected than those whose fathers were civil servants [AOR (95 % CI): 2.08 (1.2-3.59)]. CONCLUSIONS: Dutsin-Ma and Safana were classified as moderate-risk Local Government Areas (LGA). Sex, altitude, unwholesome water sources and mothers' occupation were identified as the determining epidemiological factors in the prevalence of the disease. Sustainable chemotherapeutic intervention with Praziquantel®, good network of treated pipe-borne water, health education and waste disposal facilities are highly recommended to reduce its prevalence below the threshold of public health significance.

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  • Boys were at greater risk than girls for contracting schistosomiasis and hookworm infections as well as stunting.

    “In assessing whether women and girls were at higher risk for health burdens, most studies focused on children determining that boys were at greater risk for contracting both schistosomiasis (Kapito-Tembo et al., 2009;Ugbomoiko et al., 2009;Atalabi et al., 2016;Donohue et al., 2017) and hookworm infections (Baker et al., 2018) as well as stunting (Akombi et al., 2017) which is in line with a well-d”

    From A Systematic Review of Water and Gender Interlinkages: Assessing the Intersection With Health (2020) · cites this paper as Atalabi et al., 2016

  • Maternal or household access to clean water significantly reduced the risk of under-five mortality, child stunting, schistosomiasis, and hookworm infections.

    “Concretely, studies showed that maternal, or household access to clean water significantly reduced the risk of under-five mortality (Ahmed et al., 2016;Acheampong et al., 2017Acheampong et al., , 2018)), child stunting (Akombi et al., 2017;Vos et al., 2017;Marinda et al., 2018), schistosomiasis (Atalabi et al., 2016;Donohue et al., 2017), and hookworm infections (Baker et al., 2018).”

    From A Systematic Review of Water and Gender Interlinkages: Assessing the Intersection With Health (2020) · cites this paper as Atalabi et al., 2016

  • Poor WASH is linked to a multitude of health burdens, particularly childhood diseases including schistosomiasis, under-5 mortality, and stunting.

    “Poor WASH, in general, was linked to a multitude of health burdens, and particularly childhood diseases, including schistosomiasis, under-5 mortality, and stunting (Ahmed et al., 2016;Atalabi et al., 2016;Acheampong et al., 2017Acheampong et al., , 2018;;Akombi et al., 2017;Donohue et al., 2017;Vos et al., 2017;Baker et al., 2018;Marinda et al., 2018).”

    From A Systematic Review of Water and Gender Interlinkages: Assessing the Intersection With Health (2020) · cites this paper as Atalabi et al., 2016

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Authors
Atalabi, T. E., Lawal, U., & Ipinlaye, S. J.
Affiliations
  • Federal University Dutsin-Ma (NG)
  • Yusuf Maitama Sule Federal University of Education, Kano (NG)
Corresponding author
Atalabi, Tolulope Ebenezer
ORCID
Atalabi, Tolulope Ebenezer
Venue
Parasites & Vectors
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2016-07-07
Volume
9
Issue
1
Pages
388-388
ISSN
1756-3305 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s13071-016-1672-5
PMC
PMC4936285
OpenAlex
W2460621327
Cited by
38
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
FWCI
1.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Parasites & Vectors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Self (Not applicable)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Mollusks and Parasites Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
Keywords
Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni, prevalence, infection intensity, risk factors, junior high school students, adolescent girls, hematuria, water sources, recreational activities, maternal occupation, paternal occupation, Katsina State, school-based health education
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Altitude, Animals, Anthelmintics, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Nigeria, Parasite Egg Count, Praziquantel, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosomiasis haematobia, Students, Water Supply, Prevalence, Young Adult

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