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Occurrence of Escherichia coli and faecal coliforms in drinking water at source and household point-of-use in Rohingya camps, Bangladesh
Open accessAbstract
Background: Safe water is essential for life but unsafe for human consumption if it is contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. An acceptable quality of water supply (adequate, safe and accessible) must be ensured to all human beings for a healthy life. Methods: We collected and analyzed a total of 12,650 drinking water samples, for the presence of Escherichia coli and faecal coliforms, from a large habitation of the displaced Rohingya population comprising of about 1.16 million people living within 4 km 2 . Results: We found that 28% (n = 893) water samples derived from tubewells were contaminated with faecal coliforms and 10.5% (n = 333) were contaminated with E. coli ; also, 73.96% (n = 4644) samples from stored household sources (at point of use—POU) were found contaminated with faecal coliforms while 34.7% (n = 2179) were contaminated with E. coli. It was observed that a higher percentage of POU samples fall in the highest risk category than that of their corresponding sources. Conclusions: From our findings, it appears that secondary contamination could be a function of very high population density and could possibly occur during collection, transportation, and storage of water due to lack of knowledge of personal and domestic hygiene. Hence, awareness campaign is necessary, and the contaminated sources should be replaced. Further, the POU water should be treated by a suitable method.
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“This suggests that the high-density population in the camps, along with inadequate hygienic practices, is possibly resulting in the secondary contamination of drinking water during collection, transportation, and storage [29].”
From Drinking Water Security Challenges in Rohingya Refugee Camps of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
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“One study analyzed 12,650 drinking water samples from the camps and found fecal contamination in 28% of the source samples and in 73.96% of the storage samples [29].”
From Drinking Water Security Challenges in Rohingya Refugee Camps of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
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“Water, both at source and storage in Rohingya refugee camps, has been found to have high levels of contamination.”
From Drinking Water Security Challenges in Rohingya Refugee Camps of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
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Ensuring Safe Drinking Water in Bangladesh
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Drinking Water Security Challenges in Rohingya Refugee Camps of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Akhter, M., Uddin, S. M. N., Rafa, N., Hridi, S. M., Staddon, C., & Powell, W. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12187325 · Cited by 68
Metadata
- Authors
- Mahmud, Z. H., Islam, M. S., Imran, K. M., Hakim, S. A. I., Worth, M., Ahmed, A., Hossan, S., Haider, M., Islam, M. R., Hossain, F., Johnston, D., & Ahmed, N.
- Affiliations
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (BD)
- United Nations Children's Fund (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mahmud, Zahid Hayat
- ORCID
- Venue
- Gut Pathogens
- Published
- 2019-11-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 52-52
- ISSN
- 1757-4749 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6824040
- OpenAlex
- W2989360098
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gut Pathogens (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- unicef (BCO/PCA/2017/035-2018/001)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fecal contamination and water quality
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Safety and Hygiene
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Public Health and Environmental Issues
- Keywords
- Escherichia coli, fecal coliforms, drinking water contamination, household water storage, tube wells, Rohingya refugee camps, population density, hygiene awareness, water treatment
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