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Emotional decision-making in autism spectrum disorder: the roles of interoception and alexithymia

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Shah, Punit, Catmur, Caroline, Bird, Geoffrey·2016·Molecular Autism
DOI 10.1186/s13229-016-0104-xPMC PMC5062918
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Abstract

The way choices are framed influences decision-making. These "framing effects" emerge through the integration of emotional responses into decision-making under uncertainty. It was previously reported that susceptibility to the framing effect was reduced in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to a reduced tendency to incorporate emotional information into the decision-making process. However, recent research indicates that, where observed, emotional processing impairments in ASD may be due to co-occurring alexithymia. Alexithymia is thought to arise due to impaired interoception (the ability to perceive the internal state of one's body), raising the possibility that emotional signals are not perceived and thus not integrated into decision-making in those with alexithymia and that therefore reduced framing effects in ASD are a product of co-occurring alexithymia rather than ASD per se. Accordingly, the present study compared framing effects in autistic individuals with neurotypical controls matched for alexithymia. Results showed a marked deviation between groups. The framing effect was, in line with previous data, significantly smaller in autistic individuals, and there was no relationship between alexithymia or interoception and decision-making in the ASD group. In the neurotypical group, however, the size of the framing effect was associated with alexithymia and interoception, even after controlling for autistic traits. These results demonstrate that although framing effects are associated with interoception and alexithymia in the neurotypical population, emotional and interoceptive signals have less impact upon the decision-making process in ASD.

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Fig. 1 Measuring the framing effect. Participants are shown the sum of money received to play in that trial for 2 s (e.g., “you receive £50”). They are required to choose between a “gamble” or “sure” option within 4 s. The “sure” option is presented as either a the sum of money retained from the initial starting amount (e.g., keep £20 of £50—gain frame) or b money lost from the initial amount (e.g., lose £30 of £50—loss frame). The “gamble” is identical in both frames and represented by a pie-chart showing the probability of winning (yellow) or losing (blue). Feedback about trial outcomes is not presented during the experiment
Fig. 1 Measuring the framing effect. Participants are shown the sum of money received to play in that trial for 2 s (e.g., “you receive £50”). They are required to choose between a “gamble” or “sure” option within 4 s. The “sure” option is presented as either a the sum of money retained from the initial starting amount (e.g., keep £20 of £50—gain frame) or b money lost from the initial amount (e.g., lose £30 of £50—loss frame). The “gamble” is identical in both frames and represented by a pie-chart showing the probability of winning (yellow) or losing (blue). Feedback about trial outcomes is not presented during the experimentCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 The framing effect (FE) by group. a The percentage of trials in which participants chose to gamble in the Loss compared with the Gain frame. Although both controls and autistic participants gambled significantly more in the loss than gain frame, the size of b the FE (i.e., the difference between gambling in the loss and gain frame) was significantly larger in the control group. Error bars denote ±1 SEM
Fig. 2 The framing effect (FE) by group. a The percentage of trials in which participants chose to gamble in the Loss compared with the Gain frame. Although both controls and autistic participants gambled significantly more in the loss than gain frame, the size of b the FE (i.e., the difference between gambling in the loss and gain frame) was significantly larger in the control group. Error bars denote ±1 SEMCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Associations between interoception, alexithymia, and framing effects. a Individuals with greater interoceptive accuracy (IA) showed a larger FE as shown by the correlation between IA and the FE in the control group (r = 0.55, p = 0.012). No such relationship was observed in the ASD group (r = 0.14, p = 0.57). b The correlation between the TAS-20 and the FE was not significant in the ASD group (r = 0.03, p = 0.89), but was in the control group (r = −0.49, p = 0.029)
Fig. 3 Associations between interoception, alexithymia, and framing effects. a Individuals with greater interoceptive accuracy (IA) showed a larger FE as shown by the correlation between IA and the FE in the control group (r = 0.55, p = 0.012). No such relationship was observed in the ASD group (r = 0.14, p = 0.57). b The correlation between the TAS-20 and the FE was not significant in the ASD group (r = 0.03, p = 0.89), but was in the control group (r = −0.49, p = 0.029)CC BY · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Wechsler D. Wechsler adult intelligence scale—third edition. Administration and scoring manual. San Antonio: Psychol. Corp; 1997.
  2. Wechsler D. WASI-II: Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence—second edition. San Antonio: Psychol. Corp; 2013.

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Metadata

Authors
Shah, P., Catmur, C., & Bird, G.
Affiliations
  • University of London (GB)
  • King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Shah, Punit
ORCID
Venue
Molecular Autism
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2016-10-13
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
43-43
ISSN
2040-2392 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s13229-016-0104-x
PMC
PMC5062918
OpenAlex
W2529479083
Cited by
113
References
73
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7
FWCI
6.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Molecular Autism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Medical Research Council
  • Baily Thomas Charitable Fund
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Keywords
autism spectrum disorder, emotional decision-making, framing effects, interoception, alexithymia, decision making under uncertainty, emotional processing, autistic traits, neurotypical comparison
MeSH terms
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adult, Affective Symptoms, Decision Making, Female, Frustration, Happiness, Humans, Intelligence Tests, Male, Case-Control Studies, Interoception

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